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1972年国际海上避碰规则公约

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发表于 2014-12-5 10:08:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1972年国际海上避碰规则公约

颁发部门:伦敦
发布日期:1972-10-20
生效日期:1977-07-15

  各缔约方,本着保持高度的海上安全的愿望,注意到有必要对1960年国际海上人命安全会议最终议定书所附的国际海上避碰规则进行修订并使之适应新的情况,经就该规则被认可以来的发展情况对之进行了审议,现协议如下:

第一条 一般义务

  各缔约方保证实施本公约所附1972年国际海上避碰规则(以下简称“本规则”)所组成的各项条款及其他附录。

第二条 签署、批准、接受、认可和加入

  1.本公约保持开放到1973年6月1日为止供签署,此后继续开放供加入。
  2.联合国或其任何专门机构或国际原子能机构的会员国,或国际法院规约的当事方,可按照下列方式参加本公约:
  (a)签署并对批准、接受或认可无保留;
  (b)签署而有待批准、接受或认可,随后予以批准、接受或认可;或
  (c)加入。
  3.批准、接受、认可或加入须向政府间海事协商组织(以下简称“本组织”)交存相应的文件,方为有效。本组织应将每一上述文件的交存和交存日期通知已签署或已加入本公约的各国政府。

第三条  领土的适用范围

  1.联合国如系某一领土的管理当局,或任一缔约方如负责某一领土的国际关系,可随时以书面通知本组织秘书长(以下简称“秘书长”),将本公约扩大适用于该领土。
  2.本公约应自接到通知之日或通知中规定的其他日期起,扩大适用于通知中所述领土。
  3.对根据本条第1款所作通知中所述的任何领土,均可撤销扩大适用,经1年后撤销时规定的更长期限后,本公约即不再适用于该领土。
  4.秘书长应将根据本条所递交的任何扩大适用或撤销扩大适用的通知,通知所有缔约方。

第四条 生效

  1.(a)本公约应在至少有15个国家参加本公约之日起12个月后生效,该15国的商船总和应不少于全世界100总吨及100总吨以上船舶的艘数或吨位的65%,以先达到者为准。
  (b)尽管有本款(a)项的规定,本公约在1976年1月1日之前不应生效。
  2.对于在达到本条第(1)款(a)项所规定的条件之后而在本公约生效之前按照第二条规定批准、接受、认可或加入本公约的国家,应自本公约生效之日起生效。
  3.对于在本公约生效之日以后批准、接受、认可或加入本公约的国家,应自按第二条规定交存文件之日起生效。
  4.在本公约修正案按照第六条第4款规定生效之日后,任何批准、接受、认可或加入,都应适用修正后的公约。
  5.本公约生效之日,本规则即代替并废除1960年国际海上避碰规则。
  6.秘书长应将生效日期通知已签署或已加入本公约的各国政府。

第五条 修订会议

  1.本组织可以召开会议修订本公约或本规则,或修订二者。
  2.经不少于1/3的缔约方请求,本组织应召开缔约方会议,以修订本公约或本规则,或修订二者。

第六条 本规则的修正

  1.任一缔约方对本规则所提的任何修正案,经其请求后,应在本组织中予以审议。
  2.如该修正案经出席本组织海上安全委员会并投票的2/3多数通过,则至少应在本组织大会对之审议前6个月将其通知所有缔约方和本组织会员。在大会审议该修正案时,非本组织会员的任何缔约方均有权参加。
  3.如该修正案经出席大会并投票的2/3多数通过秘书长应将其通知所有缔约方以供接受。
  4.该项修正案应在大会通过时所决定的日期生效,除非在大会所同时确定的一个较早日期之前,有1/3以上的缔约方通知本组织反对该修正案,本款所指经大会决定的两个日期,应由到会并投票的2/3多数通过。
  5.任何修正案一经生效后,对于未曾对修正案提出反对的所有缔约方,即应代替并废止该修正案所涉及的任何原有的规定。
  6.秘书长应将按本条所作的任何请求和通知以及修正案的生效日期,通知所有缔约方和本组织会员。

第七条 退出

  1.任何缔约方,在本公约对其生效满5年后,可随时退出本公约。
  2.退出本公约应向本组织交存相应的文件。秘书长应将所收到的退出文件及该文件的交存日期通知所有其他缔约方。
  3.退出应在交存文件1年后或该文件中规定的更长期限后生效。

第八条 保管和登记

  1.本公约与本规则应交存本组织保管。秘书长应将核证无误的副本分送所有已签署或已加入本公约的各国政府。
  2.当本公约生效时,秘书长应按照联合国宪章第102条的规定,将该文本送联合国秘书长处登记并公布。

第九条 文字

  本公约连同本规则仅1份,用英文和法文写成。两种文本具有同等效力,另应备有俄文和西班牙文的正式译本,与签署的正本一并存放。
  各国政府为此正式授权的下列具名代表(略),特签署本公约,以昭信守。
  1972年10月20日订于伦敦。
一九七二年国际海上避碰规则(附英文)
国际海事组织于2001年11月29日以第A.910(22)号大会《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案
第一章  总  则
第一条  适用范围

1.本规则各条适用于在公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。
    2.本规则各条不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规则各条。
    3.本规则各条,不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或笛号,或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯或信号灯的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯或笛号,应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯或信号。
    4.为实施本规则,本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
    5.凡经有关政府确定,某种特殊构造或用途的船舶,如须完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定,就不能不影响其特殊功能时,则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则所要求的规定。
    第二条  责任
    1.本规则各条不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于对遵守本规则各条的任何疏忽,或者对海员通常做法或当时特殊情况可能要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。
    2.在解释和遵行本规则各条规定时,应适当考虑到,为避免紧迫危险而须背离本规则各条规定的一切航行和碰撞的危险,以及任何特殊情况,其中包括当事船舶条件限制在内。
    第三条  一般定义
    除其他条文另有解释外,在本规则中:
    1.“船舶”一词系指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水船舶、地效船和水上飞机。
    2.“机动船”一词,指用机器推进的任何船舶。
    3.“帆船”一词,指任何驶帆的船舶,包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。
    4.“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词,指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
    5.“水上飞机”一词,包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
    6.“失去控制的船舶”一词,指由于某种异常的情况,不能按本规则各条的要求进行操纵,因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
    7.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词,指由于工作性质,使其按本规则要求进行操纵的能力受到限制,因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
    下列船舶应作为操纵能力受到限制的船舶:
    (1)从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶;
    (2)从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶;
    (3)在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶;
    (4)从事发放或回收航空器的船舶;
    (5)从事扫雷作业的船舶;
    (6)从事拖带作业的船舶,而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖船偏离所驶航向的能力严重受到限制者。
    8.“限于吃水的船舶”一词,指由于吃水与可用水深的关系,致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。
    9.“在航”一词,指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
    10.船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
    11.只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时,才应认为两船是在互见中。
    12.“能见度不良”一词,指任何由于雾、狸、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。
13.(m) “地效船”一词系指多式船艇,其主要操作方式是利用表面效应贴近水面飞行。
          第二章  驾驶和航行规则
    第一节  船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
    第四条  适用范围
    本节各条适用于任何能见度的情况。
    第五条  了望
    每一船舶应经常用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况下一切有效的手段保持正规的了望,以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。
    第六条  安全航速
    每一船舶在任何时候应用安全航速行驶,以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行动,并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内把船停住。
    在决定安全航速时,考虑的因素中应包括下列各点:
    1.对所有船舶:
    (1)能见度情况;
    (2)通航密度,包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度;
    (3)船舶的操纵性能,特别是在当时情况下的冲程和施回性能:
    (4)夜间出现的背景亮光,诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射;
    (5)风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况;
    (6)吃水与可用水深的关系。
    2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶,还须考虑:
    (1)雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性;
    (2)所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制:
    (3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响;
    (4)在适当距离内,雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性:
    (5)雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态;
    (6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时,可能对能见度作出的更确切的估计。
    第七条  碰撞危险
    1.每一船舶应用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险,如有任何怀疑,则应认为存在这种危险。
    2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话,则应正确予以使用,包括远距离扫瞄,以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报,并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。
   
    3.不应当根据不充分的资料,特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。
    4.在断定是否存在碰撞危险时,考虑的因素中应包括下列各点:
    (1)如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化,则应认为存在这种危险;
    (2)即使有明显的方位变化,有时也可能存在这种危险,特别是在驶近一艘很大的船舶或拖带船组时,或是在近距离驶近他船时。
    第八条  避免碰撞的行动
    1.应根据本章各条规定采取避免碰撞的任何行动,如当时环境许可,应是积极地,并应及早地进行和注意运用良好的船艺。
    2.为避免碰撞而作的航向和(或)航速的任何变动,如当时环境许可,应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到;应避免对航向和(或)航速作一连串的小变动。
    3.如有足够的水域,则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动,倘若这种行动是及时的,大幅度的并且不致造成另一紧迫局面。
    4.为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动,应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性,直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
    5.如须避免碰撞或须留有更多时间来估计局面,船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推进器把船停住。
    第九条  狭水道
    1.船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时,只要安全可行,应尽量靠近本船右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。
    2.帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶,不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。
    3.从事捕鱼的船舶,不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。
   
    4.船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道,如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时,可以使用第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
    5.(1)在狭水道或航道内,如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允许安全通过才能追越时,则企图追越的船,应鸣放第三十四条3款(1)项所规定的相应声号,以表示本船的意图。被追越船如果同意,应鸣放第三十四条3款(2)项所规定的相应声号,并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑,则可以鸣放第三十四条4款所规定的声号。
    (2)本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
    6.船舶在驶近可能被居间障碍物遮蔽他船的狭水道或航道的弯头或地段时,应特别机警和谨慎地驾驶,并应鸣放第三十四条5款所规定的相应声号。
    7.任何船舶,如当时环境许可,都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
    第十条  分道通航制
    1.本条适用于本组织所采纳的各分道通航制。
    2.使用分道通航制区域的船舶应:
    (1)在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶;
    (2)尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带;
    (3)通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出,但从分道的一侧驶进或驶出时应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。
    3.船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道,但如不得不穿越时,应尽可能与分道的船舶总流向成直角穿越。
    4.凡可安全使用邻近分道通航制区域中相应通航分道的过境航行,通常不应使用沿岸通航带。
    5.除穿越船外,船舶通常不应进入分隔带或穿越分隔线,除非:
    (1)在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险;
    (2)在分隔带内从事捕鱼。
    6.船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时,应特别谨慎。
    7.船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊。
    8.不使用分道通航制区域的船舶,应尽可能远离该区。
    9.从事捕鱼的船舶,不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行。
    10.帆船或长度小于20米的船舶,不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的机动船的安全通行.
第二节  船舶在互见中的行动规则
    第十一条  适用范围
    本节各条适用于互见中的船舶。
    第十二条  帆船
    1.两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时,其中一船应按下列规定给他船让路:
   
    (1)两船在不同舷受风时,左舷受风的船应给他船让路;
    (2)两船在同舷受风时,上风船应给下风船让路;
    (3)如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷受风,则应给该船让路。
    2.就本条规定而言,船舶的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧;对于帆船,则应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧。
    第十三条  追越
    1.不论本节各条规定如何,任何船舶在追越任何他船时,均应给被追越船让路。
    2.一船正从他船正横后大于22.5度的某一方向赶上他船时,即该船对其所追越的船所处位置,在夜间只能看见被追越船的尾灯而不能看见它的任一舷灯时,应认为是在追越中。
    3.当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时,该船应假定是在追越,并应采取相应行动。
    4.随后两船间方位的任何改变,都不应把追越船作为规则各条含义中所指的交叉船,或者免除其让开被追越船的责任,直到最后驶过让清为止。
    第十四条  对遇局面
    1.当两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇致有构成碰撞危险时,各应向右转向,从而各从他船的左舷驶过。
    2.当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方,并在夜间,能看见他船的前后桅灯成一直线或接近一直线,和(或)两盏舷灯;在日间,看到他船的上述相应形态时,则应认为存在这样的局面。
    3.当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时,该船应假定确实存在这种局面,并应采取相应的行动。
    第十五条  交叉相遇局面
    当两艘机动船交叉相遇致有构成碰撞危险时,有他船在本船右舷的船舶应给他船让路,如当时环境许可,还应避免横越他船的前方。
    第十六条  让路船的行动
    须给他船让路的船舶,应尽可能及早采取大幅度的行动,宽裕地让清他船。
    第十七条  直航船的行动
    1.(1)两船中的一船应给另一船让路时,另一船应保持航向和航速。
    (2)然而,当保持航向和航速的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没有遵照本规则各条采取适当行动时,该船即可独自采取操纵行动,以避免碰撞。
    2.当规定保持航向和航速的船,发觉本船不论由于何种原因逼近到单凭让路船的行动不能避免碰撞时,也应采取最有助于避碰的行动。
    3.在交叉相遇局面下,机动船按照本条1款(2)项采取行动以避免与另一艘机动船碰撞时,如当时环境许可,不应对在本船左舷的船采取向左转向。
    4.本条并不解除让路船的让路义务。
    第十八条  船舶之间的责任
    除第九、十和十三条另有规定外:
    1.机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路:
    (1)失去控制的船舶;
    (2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶;
    (3)从事捕鱼的船舶;
    (4)帆船。
    2.帆船在航时应给下述船舶让路:
    (1)失去控制的船舶;
    (2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶;
    (3)从事捕鱼的船舶;
    3.从事捕鱼的船舶在航时,应尽可能给下述船舶让路:
    (1)失去控制的船舶;
    (2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶。
    4.(1)除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶外,任何船舶,如当时环境许可,应避免妨碍显示第二十八条信号的限于吃水的船舶的安全通行。
    (2)限于吃水的船舶应充分注意到其特殊条件,特别谨慎地驾驶。
    5.在水面的水上飞机,通常应宽裕地让清所有船舶并避免妨碍其航行。然而在有碰撞危险的情况下,则应遵守本章各条的规定。
6、 (i) 地效船在贴近水面起飞、降落和飞行时应宽裕地让清所有其它船舶并避免妨碍它们的航行;
(ii) 在水面上操作的地效船应作为动力船舶遵守本章各条。
第三节  船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
    第十九条  船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
    1.本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附近航行时相互看不见的船舶。
    2.每一船舶应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情况的安全航速行驶,机动船应将机器作好随时操纵的准备。
    3.在遵守本章第一节各条时,每一船舶应适当考虑到当时能见度不良的环境和情况。
    4.一船仅凭雷达测到他船时,应判定是否正形成紧迫局面和(或)存在着碰撞危险。若是如此,应及早地采取避让行动,这种行动如包括转向,则应尽可能避免如下各点:
    (1)除对被追越船外,对正横前的船舶采取向左转向;
    (2)对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝着它转向。
    5.除已断定不存在碰撞危险外,每一船舶当听到他船的雾号显似在本船正横以前,或者与正横以前的他船不能避免紧迫局面时,应将航速减到能维持其航向的最小速度。必要时,应把船完全停住,而且,无论如何,应极其谨慎地驾驶,直到碰撞危险过去为止。
  
          第三章  号灯和号型
    第二十条  适用范围
    1.本章各条在各种天气中都应遵守。
    2.有关号灯的各条规定,从日没到日出时都应遵守。在此时间内不应显示别的灯光,但那些不会被误认为本规则各条订明的号灯,或者不会妨碍正规了望的灯光除外。
    3.本规则各条所规定的号灯,如已设置,也应从日出到日没在能见度不良的情况下显示,并可在一切其他认为必要的情况下显示。
    4.有关号型的各条规定,在白天都应遵守。
    5.本规则各条订明的号灯和号型,应符合本规则附录的规定。
    第二十一条  定义
    1.“桅灯”是指安置在船的首尾中心线上方的白灯,在225度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光,其装置要使灯光从船的正前方到每一舷正横后22.5度内显示。
    2.“舷灯”是指右舷的绿灯和左舷的红灯,各在112.5度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光,其装置要使灯光从船的正前方到各自一舷的正横后22.5度内分别显示。长度小于20米的船舶,其舷灯可以合成一盏,装设于船的首尾中心线上。
    3.“尾灯”是指安置在尽可能接近船尾的白灯,在135度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光,其装置要使灯光从船的正后方到每舷67.5度内显示。
    4.“拖带灯”是指具有与本第3款所述“尾灯”有相同性的黄灯。
    5.“环照灯”是指在360度的水平弧内显示不间断灯光的号灯。
    6.“闪光灯”是指每隔一定时间以每分钟频率120闪次或120以上闪次的闪光的号灯。
    第二十二条  号灯的能见距离
    本规则各条规定的号灯,应具有本规则附录一第8节订明的发光强度,以便在下列最小距离上能被看到:
    1.长度为50米或50米以上的船舶:
    ——桅灯,6海里;
    ——舷灯,3海里;
    ——尾灯,3海里;
    ——拖带灯,3海里;
    ——白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,3海里。
    2.长度为12米或12米以上但小于50米的船舶:
    ——桅灯,5海里;但长度小于20米的船舶,3海里;
    ——舷灯,2海里;
    ——尾灯,2海里;
    ——拖带灯,2海里;
    ——白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,2海里。
    3.长度小于12米的船舶:
    ——桅灯,2海里;
    ——舷灯,1海里;
    ——尾灯,2海里;
    ——拖带灯,2海里;
    ——白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,2海里。
    第二十三条  在航机动船
    1.在航机动船应显示:
    (1)在前部一盏桅灯;
    (2)第二盏桅灯,后于并高于前桅灯;长度小于50米的船舶,不要求显示该桅灯,但可以这样做;
    (3)两盏舷灯;
    (4)一盏尾灯。
    2.气垫船在非排水状态下航行时,除本条1款规定的号灯外,还应显示一盏环照黄色闪光灯。
    3.长度如小于7米且其最高速度又不超过7节的机动船,可以显示一盏环照白灯以代替本条1款规定的号灯。如可行,这种船还应显示舷灯。
除本条第1款规定的号灯外,地效船只有在贴近水面起飞、降落和飞行时才应显示高密度的环照红色闪光灯。
    第二十四条  拖带和顶推
    1.机动船当拖带时应显示:
    (1)在前部垂直两盏桅灯,以取代第二十三条1款(1)项规定的号灯。当从拖船船尾量到被拖物体后端的拖带长度超过200米时,垂直显示三盏这样的号灯;
    (2)两盏舷灯;
    (3)一盏尾灯;
    (4)一盏拖带灯垂直于尾灯的上方;
    (5)当拖带长度超过200米时,在最易见处显示一个菱形体号型。
    2.当一顶推船和一被顶推船牢固地连接成为一组合体时,则应作为一艘机动船,显示第二十三条规定的号灯。
    3.机动船当顶推或旁拖时,除组合体外,应显示:
    (1)在前部垂直两盏桅灯,以取代第二十三条1款(1)项规定的号灯;
    (2)两盏舷灯;
    (3)一盏尾灯。
    4.适用本条1和3款的机动船,还应遵守第二十三条1款(2)项的规定。
    5.一被拖船或被拖物体应显示:
    (1)两盏舷灯;
    (2)一盏尾灯;
    (3)当拖带长度超过200米时,在最易见处显示一个菱形体号型。
    6.任何数目的船舶如作为一组被旁拖或顶推时,应作为一艘船来显示号灯:
    (1)一艘被顶推船,但不是组合体的组成部分,应在前端显示两盏舷灯;
    (2)一艘被旁拖的船应显示一盏尾灯,并在前端显示两盏舷灯。
    7.凡由于任何充分原因,被拖船舶或物体不可能显示本条5款规定的号灯时,应采取一切可能措施使被拖船舶或物体上有灯光,或者至少能表明无灯光的船舶或物体的存在。
    第二十五条  在航帆船和划桨船
    1.在航帆船应显示:
    (1)两盏舷灯;
    (2)一盏尾灯。
    2.在长度小于12米的帆船上,本条1款规定的号灯可以合并成一盏,装设在桅顶或接近桅顶的最易见处。
    3.在航帆船,除本条1款规定的号灯外,还可在桅顶或接近桅顶的最易见处,垂直显示两盏环照灯,上红下绿。但这些环照灯不应和本条2款所允许的合色灯同时显示。
   
    4.(1)长度小于7米的帆船,如可行,应显示本条1或2款规定的号灯。但如果不这样做,则应在手边备妥白光的电筒一个或点着的白灯一盏,及早显示,以防碰撞。
   
    (2)划桨船可以显示本条为帆船规定的号灯,但如不这样做,则应在手边备妥白光的电筒一个或点着的白灯一盏,及早显示,以防碰撞。
    5.用帆行驶同时也用机器推进的船舶,应在前部最易见处显示一个圆锥体号型,尖端向下。
    第二十六条  渔船
    1.从事捕鱼的船舶,不论在航还是锚泊,只应显示本条规定的号灯和号型。
    2.船舶从事拖网作业,即在水中拖曳爬网或其他用作渔具的装置时,应显示:
    (1)垂直两盏环照灯,上绿下白,或一个由上下垂直、尖端对接的两个圆锥体所组成的号型;长度小于20米的船舶,可以显示一个篮子以取代这种号型;
    (2)一盏桅灯,后于并高于那盏环照绿灯;长度小于50米的船舶,则不要求显示该桅灯,但可以这样做;
    (3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯。
    3.从事捕鱼的船舶,除拖网作业者外,应显示:
    (1)垂直两盏环照灯,上红下白,或一个由上下垂直、尖端对接的两个圆锥体所组成的号型;长度小于20米的船舶,可以显示一个篮子以取代这种号型;
    (2)当有外伸渔具,其从船边伸出的水平距离大于150米时,应朝着渔具的方向显示一盏环照白灯或一个尖端向上的圆锥体号型;
    (3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯。
    4.在邻近其他从事捕鱼船舶处从事捕鱼的船舶,可以显示本规定附录二所述的额外信号。
    5.船舶不从事捕鱼时,不应显示本条规定的号灯或号型,而且应显示为其同样长度的船舶所规定的号灯或号型。
    第二十七条  失去控制或操纵能力受到限制的船舶
    1.失去控制的船舶应显示:
    (1)在最易见处,垂直两盏环照红灯;
    (2)在最易见处,垂直两个球体或类似的号型;
    (3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯。
    2.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,除从事扫雷作业的船舶外,应显示:
    (1)在最易见处,垂直三盏环照灯,最上和最下者应是红色,中间一盏应是白色;
    (2)在最易见处,垂直三个号型,最上和最下者应是球体,中间一个应是菱形体;
    (3)当对水移动时,除本款(1)项规定的号灯外,还应显示桅灯、舷灯和尾灯;
    (4)当锚泊时,除本款(1)和(2)项规定的号灯或号型外,还应显示第三十条规定的一盏或两盏号灯或一个号型。
    3.从事一项使之不能偏离其航向的拖带作业的船舶,除本条2款(1)和(2)项规定的号灯或号型外,还应显示第二十四条1款规定的号灯或号型。
    4.从事疏浚或水下作业的船舶,当其操纵能力受到限制时,应显示本条2款规定的号灯或号型。此外,当存在障碍物时,还应显示:
    (1)在障碍物存在的一舷,垂直两盏环照灯或两个球体;
    (2)在他船可以通过的一舷,垂直两盏环照绿灯或两个菱形体;
    (3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,另应显示桅灯、舷灯和尾灯;
    (4)适用本款的船舶当锚泊时,应显示本款(1)和(2)项规定的号灯或号型以取代第三十条规定的号灯和号型。
    5.当从事潜水作业的船舶尺度使之不可能显示本条4款规定的号型时,应显示一个国际信号旗“A”的硬质复制品,其高度不小于1米,并应采取措施以保证周围都能见到。
    6.从事扫雷作业的船舶,除第二十三条为机动船规定的号灯外,还应显示三盏环照绿灯或三个环体。这些号灯或号型之一应在前桅桅顶或接近前桅桅顶处显示,其余应在前桅桁两端各显示一个。这些号灯或号型表示他船驶近扫雷船的后方1000米以内或任何一舷500米以内是危险的。
    7.长度小于7米的船舶,不要求显示本条规定的号灯。
    8.本条规定的信号不是船舶遇险求救的信号。船舶遇险求救的信号载于本规则附录四内。
    第二十八条  限于吃水的船舶
    限于吃水的船舶,除第二十三条为机动船规定的号灯外,还可在最易见处垂直显示三盏环照红灯,或者一个圆柱体。
    第二十九条  引航船舶
    1.执行引航任务的船舶应显示:
    (1)在桅顶或接近桅顶处,垂直两盏环照灯,上白下红;
    (2)当在航时,外加舷灯和尾灯;
    (3)当锚泊时,除本款(1)项规定的号灯外,还应显示一盏或两盏锚灯或一个号型。
    2.引航船当不执行引航任务时,应显示为其同样长度的同类船舶规定的号灯或号型。
    第三十条  锚泊船舶和搁浅船舶
    1.锚泊中的船舶应在最易见处显示:
    (1)在船的前部,一盏环照白灯或一个球体
    (2)在船尾或接近船尾并低于本款(1)项规定的号灯处,一盏环照白灯。
    2.长度小于50米的船舶,可以在最易见处显示一盏环照白灯,以取代本条1款规定的号灯。
    3.锚泊中的船舶,还可以使用现有的工作灯或同等的灯照明甲板,而长度为100米及100米以上的船舶应当使用这类灯。
    4.搁浅的船舶应显示本条1或2款规定的号灯,并在最易见处外加:
    (1)垂直两盏环照红灯;
    (2)垂直三个球体。
    5.长度小于7米的船舶,不是在狭水道、航道、锚地或其他船舶通常航行的水域中或其附近锚泊或搁浅时,不要求显示本条1、2或4款规定的号灯或号型。
    第三十一条  水上飞机
   当水上飞机或地效船不可能显示按本章各条规定的各种特性或位置的号灯和号型时,则应显示尽可能近似于这种特性和位置的号灯和号型。  
          第四章  声响和灯光信号
    第三十二条  定义
    1.“号笛”一词,指能够发出规定笛声并符合本规则附录三所载规格的任何声响信号器具。
    2.“短声”一词,指历时约一秒钟的笛声。
    3.“长声”一词,指历时四到六秒钟的笛声。
    第三十三条  声号设备
    1.长度为12米或12米以上的船舶应配备一个号笛,长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,除了号笛以外还应配备一个号钟,长度为100米或100米以上的船舶,除了号笛和号钟以外还应配备一个号锣。号锣的音调和声音不可与号钟相混淆。号笛、号钟和号锣应符合本规则附录III所载规格。号钟、号锣或二者均可用与其各自声音特性相同的其它设备代替,但任何时候都要能以手动鸣放规定的声号。
    2.长度小于12米的船舶,不要求备有本条1款规定的声响信号器具。如不备有,则应配置能够鸣放有效声号的它种设备。
    第三十四条  操纵和警告信号
    1.当船舶在互见中,在航机动船按本规则准许或要求进行操纵时,应用号笛发出下列声号表明之:
    ——一短声  表示“我船正在向右转向”;
    ——二短声  表示“我船正在向左转向”;
    ——三短声  表示“我船正在向后推进”。
    2.在操作过程中,任何船舶均可用灯号补充本条1款规定的笛号,这种灯号可根据情况予以重复:
    (1)这些灯号应具有以下意义:
    ——一闪  表示“我船正在向右转向”;
    ——二闪  表示“我船正在向左转向”;
    ——三闪  表示“我船正在向后推进”。
    (2)每闪历时应约一秒钟,各闪间隔应约一秒钟,前后信号的间隔应不少于十秒钟;
    (3)如设有用作本信号的号灯,则应是一盏环照白灯,其能见距离至少为5海里,并应符合附录一所载规定。
    3.在狭水道或航道内互见时:
    (1)一艘企图追越他船的船舶应遵照第九条5款(1)项的规定,以号笛发出下列声号表示其意图:
    ——二长声继以一短声,表示“我船企图从你船的右舷追越”;
    ——二长声继以二短声,表示“我船企图从你船的左舷追越”;
    (2)将要被追越的船舶,当按照第九条5款(1)项行动时,应以号笛依次发出下列声号表示同意:
    ——一长、一短、一长、一短声。
    4.当互见中的船舶正在互相驶近,并且不论由于何种原因,任何一船无法了解他船的意图行动,或者怀疑他船是否正在采取足够的行动以避免碰撞时,存在怀疑的船应立即用笛鸣放至少五声短而急的声号以表示这种怀疑。该声号可以用至少五次短而急的闪光来补充。
    5.船舶在驶近可能被居间障碍物遮蔽他船的水道或航道的弯头或地段时,应鸣放一长声。该声号应由弯头另一面或居间障碍物后方可能听到它的任何来船回答一长声。
    6.如船上所装几个号笛,其间距大于100米,则只应使用一个号笛鸣放操纵和警告声号。
    第三十五条  能见度不良时使用的声号
    在能见度不良的水域中或其附近时,不论日间还是夜间,本条规定的声号应使用如下:
    1.机动船对水移动时,应以每次不超过2分钟的间隔鸣放一长声。
    2.在航机动船但已停车并且不对水移动时,应以每次不超过2分钟的间隔连续鸣放二长声,二长声间的间隔约2秒钟。
    3.失去控制的船舶、操纵能力受到限制的船舶、限于吃水的船舶、帆船、从事捕鱼的船舶,以及从事拖带或顶推他船的船舶,应以每次不超过2分钟的间隔连续鸣放三声,即一长声继以二短声,以取代本条1或2款规定的声号。
    4.一艘被拖船或者多艘被拖船的最后一艘,如配有船员,应以每次不超过2分钟的间隔连续鸣放四声,即一长声继以三短声。当可行时,这种声号应在拖船鸣放声号之后立即鸣放。
    5.当一顶推船和一被顶推船牢固地连接成为一个组合体时,应作为一艘机动船,鸣放本条1或2款规定的声号。
    6.锚泊中的船舶,应以每次不超过1分钟的间隔急敲号钟约5秒钟。长度为100米或100米以上的船舶,应在船的前部敲打号钟,并应在紧接钟声之后,在船的后部急敲号锣约5秒钟。此外,锚泊中的船舶,还可以连续鸣放三声,即一短、一长和一短声,以警告驶近的船舶注意本船位置和碰撞的可能性。
    7.搁浅的船舶应鸣放本条6款规定的钟号,如有要求,应加发锣号。此外,还应在紧接急敲号钟之前和之后各敲打分隔而清晰的号钟三下。搁浅的船舶还可以鸣放合适的笛号。
    8.长度小于12米的船舶,不要求鸣放上述声号,但如不鸣放上述声号,则应以每次不超过2分钟的间隔鸣放他种有效的声号。
    9.引航船当执行引航任务时,除本条1、2或6款规定的声号外,还可以鸣放由四短声组成的识别声号。
10、长度为12米或12米以上但小于20米的船舶,不要求鸣放本条第(g)款和第(h)款规定的声号。但如不鸣放上述声号,则应鸣放他种有效的声号,每次间隔不超过两分钟。
    第三十六条  引起注意的信号
    如有必要引起他船注意,任何船舶可以发出灯光或声响信号,但这种信号应不致被误认为本规则其他各条所准许的任何信号,或者可用不致妨碍任何船舶的方式把探照灯光的光束朝着危险的方向。
    第三十七条  遇险信号
    船舶遇险并需要救助时,应使用或显示本规则附录四规定的信号。
  
          第五章  豁  免
    第三十八条  豁免
    在本规则生效之前安放龙骨或处于相应建造阶段的任何船舶(或任何一类船舶)只要符合1960年国际海上避碰规则的要求,则可:
    1.在本规则生效之日后四年内,免除安装达到第二十二条规定能见距离的号灯。
    2.在本规则生效之日后四年内,免除安装符合本规则附录一第7节规定的颜色规格的号灯。
    3.永远免除由于从英制单位变换为米制单位以及丈量数字凑整而产生的号灯位置的调整。
    4.(1)永远免除长度小于150米的船舶由于附录一第3节(1)规定而产生的桅灯位置的调整。
    (2)在本规则生效之日后九年内,免除长度为150米或150米以上的船舶由于本规则附录一第3节(1)规定而产生的桅灯位置的调整。
    5.在本规则生效之日后九年内,免除由于附录一第2节(2)规定而产生的桅灯位置的调整。
    6.在本规则生效之日后九年内,免除由于附录一第2节(7)和第3节(2)规定而产生的舷灯位置的调整。
    7.在本规则生效之日后九年内,免除附录三对声号器具所规定的要求。
  
          附录一  号灯和号型的位置和技术细节
    1.定义
    “船体以上的高度”一词,指最上层连续甲板以上的高度。这一高度应从灯的位置垂直下方处量起。
    2.号灯的垂向位置和间距
    (1)长度为20米或20米以上的机动船,桅灯应安置如下:
    ①前桅灯,或如只装设一盏桅灯,则该桅灯在船体以上的高度应不小于6米,如船的宽度超过6米,则在船体以上的高度应不小于该宽度,但是该灯安置在船体以上的高度不必大于12米;
    ②当装设两盏桅灯时,后灯高于前灯的垂向距离应至少为4.5米。
    (2)机动船的两盏桅灯的垂向距离应是这样:即在一切正常吃水差的情况下,当从距离船首1000米的海面观看时,应能看出后灯在前灯的上方并且分开。
    (3)长度为12米或12米以上但小于20米的机动船,其桅灯安置在舷缘以上的高度应不小于2.5米。
    (4)长度小于12米的机运船,可以把最上面的一盏号灯装在舷缘以上小于2.5米的高度,但当除舷灯和尾灯之外还设有一盏桅灯或者除舷灯之外还设有第二十三条3(1)所规定的环照白灯时,则该桅灯或该环照白灯的设置至少应高于舷灯1米。
    (5)为从事拖带或顶推他船的机动船所规定的两盏或三盏桅灯中的一盏,应安置在前桅灯或后桅灯相同的位置。如果该灯装在后桅上,则该最低的后桅灯高于前桅灯的垂向距离应不少于4.5米。
    (6)①第二十三条1款规定的桅灯,除本款②项所述外,应安置在高于并离开其他一切灯光和遮蔽物的位置上。
    ②当在低于桅灯的位置上不可能装设第二十七条2款(1)项或第二十八条规定的环照灯时,这些环照灯可以装设在后桅灯上方或悬挂于前桅灯和后桅灯垂向之间,如属后一种情况,则应符合本附录第3节(3)的要求。
    (7)机动船的舷灯安置在船体以上的高度,应不超过前桅灯高度的四分之三。这些舷灯不应低到受甲板灯光的干扰。
    (8)长度小于20米的机动船的舷灯,如并为一盏,则应安置在低于桅灯不小于1米处。
    (9)当本规则规定垂直装设两盏或三盏号灯时,这些号灯的间距如下:
    ①长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,这些号灯的间距应不小于2米,而且除需要拖带号灯的情况外,这些号灯的最低一盏,应装设在船体以上高度不小于4米处;
    ②长度小于20米的船舶,这些号灯的间距应不小于1米,而且除需要拖带号灯的情况外,这些号灯的最低一盏,应装设在舷缘以上高度不小于2米处;
    ③当装设三盏号灯时,其间距应相等。
    (10)为从事捕鱼的船所规定的两盏环照灯的较低一盏,在舷灯以上的高度应不小于这两盏号灯垂向间距的两倍。
    (11)当装设两盏锚灯时,第三十条1款(1)项规定的前锚灯应高于后锚灯不小于4.5米。长度为50米或50米以上的船舶,前锚灯应装设在船体以上高度不小于6米处。
    3.号灯的水平位置和间距
    (1)当机动船按规定有两盏桅灯时,两灯之间的水平距离应不小于船长的一半,但不必大于100米。前桅灯应安置在离船首不大于船长的四分之一处。
    (2)长度为20米或20米以上的机动船,舷灯不应安置在前桅灯的前面。这些舷灯应安置在舷侧或接近舷侧处。
    (3)当第二十七条2款(1)项或第二十八条规定的号灯设置在前桅灯和后桅灯垂向之间时,这些环照灯应安置在与该船首尾中心线正交的横向水平距离不小于2米处。
    4.渔船、疏浚船及从事水下作业船舶的示向号灯的位置细节
    (1)从事捕鱼的船舶,按照第二十六条3款(2)项规定用以指示船边外伸渔具方向的号灯,应安置在离开那两盏环照红和白灯不小于2米但不大于6米的水平距离处。该号灯的安置应不高于第二十六条3款(1)项规定的环照白灯但也不低于舷灯。
    (2)从事疏浚或水下作业的船舶,按照第二十七条4款(1)和(2)项规定用以指示有障碍物的一舷和(或)能安全通过的一舷的号灯和号型,应安置在离开第二十七条2款(1)和(2)项规定的号灯和号型实际可行的最大水平距离处,但决不应小于2米。这些号灯或号型的上面一个的安置高度决不应高于第二十七条2款(1)和(2)项规定的三个号灯或号型中的下面一个。
    5.舷灯遮板
    长度在20米或20米以上的船舶的舷灯,应装有无光黑色的内侧遮板,并符合本附录第9节的要求。长度小于20米的船舶的舷灯,如须符合本附录第9节的要求,则应装有无光黑色的内侧遮板。用单一直立灯丝并在绿色和红色两部分之间有一条很窄分界线的合座灯,可不必装配外部遮板。
    6.号型
    (1)号型应是黑色并具有以下尺度:
    ①球体的直径应不小于0.6米;
    ②圆锥体的底部直径应不小于0.6米,其高度应与直径相等;
    ③圆柱体的直径至少应为0.6米,其高度应两倍于直径;
    ④菱形体应由两个本款②所述的圆锥体以底相合组成。
    (2)号型间的垂直距离应至少为1.5米。
    (3)长度小于20米的船舶,可用与船舶尺度相称的较小尺度的号型,号型间距亦可相应减少。
    7.号灯的颜色规格
    所有航海号灯的色度应符合下列标准,这些标准是包括在国际照明委员会(CIE)为每种颜色所规定的图解区域界限以内的。
    每种颜色的区域界限是用折角点的座标表示的,这些座标如下:
    (1)白色
    X  0.525  0.525  0.452  0.310  0.310  0.443
    Y  0.382  0.440  0.440  0.348  0.283  0.382
    (2)绿色
    X  0.028  0.009  0.300  0.203
    Y  0.385  0.723  0.511  0.356
    (3)红色
    X  0.680  0.660  0.735  0.721
    Y  0.320  0.320  0.265  0.259
    (4)黄色
    X  0.612  0.618  0.575  0.575
    Y  0.382  0.382  0.425  0.406
    8.号灯的发光强度
    (1)号灯的最低发光强度应用下述公式计算:
      6  2  -D
      I=3.43×10  ×T×D  ×K式中:I——在常用的情况下,以新烛光(cd)单位计算的发光强度;
      -7
      T——临阈系数2×10  勒克司(lx);
      D——号灯的能见距离(照明距离),以海里(n  mile)计算;
      K——大气透射率。用于规定的号灯,K值应是0.8,相当于约13海里的大气能见度。
    (2)从上述公式导出的数值选例如下:
-----------------------------------------------------
|                号灯的能见距离(照明距离)              |            号灯的发光强度当K=0.8时    |
|                      D(n  mile)                |                      I(cd)            |
|----------------------------|----------------------|
|                        1                              |                      0.9                |
|                                                        |                                            |
|                        2                              |                      4.3                |
|                                                        |                                            |
|                        3                              |                    12                    |
|                                                        |                                            |
|                        4                              |                    27                    |
|                                                        |                                            |
|                        5                              |                    52                    |
|                                                        |                                            |
|                        6                              |                    94                    |
-----------------------------------------------------
    注:航海号灯的最大发光强度应予限制。以防止过度的光耀,但不应该使用发光强度可变控制的办法。
    9.水平光弧
    (1)①船上所装的舷灯,在朝前的方向上,应显示最低要求的发光强度。发光强度在规定光弧外的1度至3度之间,应减弱以达到切实断光。
    ②尾灯和桅灯,以及舷灯在正横后22.5度处,应在水平弧内保持最低要求的发光强度,直到第二十一条规定的光弧界限内5度。从规定的光弧内5度起,发光强度可减弱50%,直到规定的界限;然后,发光强度应不断减弱,以达到在规定光弧以外至多5度处切实断光。
    (2)环照灯应安置在不受桅、顶桅或上层建筑大于6度角光弧的遮蔽的位置上,但第三十条规定的锚灯除外,锚灯不必安置在船体以上不切实际的高度。
    10.垂向光弧
    (1)所装电气号灯的垂向光弧,除在航帆船的号灯外,应保证:
    ①从水平上方5度到水平下方5度的所有角度内,至少保持所要求的最低发光强度;
    ②从水平上方7.5度到水平下方7.5度,至少保持所要求的最低发光强度的60%。
    (2)在航帆船所装电气号灯的垂向光弧,应保证:
    ①从水平上方5度到水平下方5度的所有角度内,至少保持所要求的最低发光强度;
    ②从水平上方25度到水平下方25度,至少保持所要求的最低发光强度的50%。
    (3)电气号灯以外的号灯应尽可能符合这些规格。
    11.非电气号灯的发光强度
    非电气号灯应尽可能符合本附录第8节表中规定的最低发光强度。
    12.操纵号灯
    尽管有本附录第2节(6)的规定,第三十四条2款所述的操纵号灯应安置在一盏或多盏桅灯的同一首尾垂直面上,如可行,操纵号灯应高于前桅灯的垂向距离至少为2米,但该灯的装设应高于或低于后桅灯的垂向距离不小于2米。只装设一盏桅灯的船舶,如装有操纵号灯,则应装设在与桅灯的垂向距离不小于2米的最易见处。
    13.认可
    号灯和号型的构造以及号灯在船上的安装,应符合船旗国的有关主管机关的要求。
  
          附录二  在相互邻近处捕鱼的渔船额外信号
    1.通则
    本附录中所述的号灯,如为履行第二十六条4款而显示时,应安置在最易见处。这些号灯的间距至少应为0.9米,但要低于第二十六条2款(1)项和3款(1)项规定的号灯。这些号灯,应能在水平四周至少1海里的距离上被见到,但应小于本规则为渔船规定的号灯的能见距离。    2.拖网渔船的信号
    (1)船舶当从事拖网捕鱼时,不论是用底拖还是中层渔具,可显示:
    ①放网时:垂直两盏白灯;
    ②起网时:垂直两盏灯,上白下红;
    ③网挂住障碍物时:垂直两盏红灯。
    (2)从事对拖网作业的各船,可以显示:
    ①在夜间,朝着前方并向本对拖网中另一船的方向照射的探照灯;
    ②当放网或起网或网挂住障碍物时,按本附录第2节(1)规定的号灯。
    3.围网船的信号
    从事围网捕鱼的船舶,可垂直显示两盏黄色号灯。这些号灯应每秒钟交替闪光一次,而且明暗历时相等。这些号灯仅在船的行动为其渔具所妨碍时才可显示。
  
          附录三  声号器具的技术细节
    1.号笛
    (1)频率和可听距离
    笛号的基频应在70 ̄700赫的范围内。
    笛号的可听距离应由在180 ̄700赫(±1%)范围内并具有本节(3)规定的声压级的频率来决定,这些频率可包括基频和(或)一种或更多种较高的频率。
    (2)基频的界限
    为保证号笛的多样特性,号笛的基频应介于下列界限以内:
    ①70 ̄200赫,用于长度为200米或200米以上的船舶;
    ②130 ̄350赫,用于长度为75米或75米以上但小于200米的船舶;
    ③250 ̄700赫,用于长度小于75米的船舶。
    (3)笛号的声强和可听距离
    船上所装的号笛,在其最大声强方向上,距离1米处,在频率为180 ̄700赫(±1%)范围内的至少一个1/3倍频带中,应具有不小于下表所订相应数值的声压级。
---------------------------------------------------
|                                  |      1/3倍频带声压级              |                      |
|                                  |                              -5    |    可  听  距  离    |
|          船  舶  长  度          |    (距离1m,相对于2×10        |                      |
|                                  |                  2                  |                      |
|                (m)            |            N/m  dB)            |    (n  mile)  |
|-----------------|-------------------|-----------|
|      200或200以上          |                143                |            2        |
|                                  |                                      |                      |
|  75或75以上但小于200      |                138                |          1.5      |
|                                  |                                      |                      |
|  20或20以上但小于75        |                130                |            1        |
|                                  |                                      |                      |
|            小于20              |                120                |          0.5      |
---------------------------------------------------

    上表中的可听距离是参考性的而且是在号笛的前方轴线上,于无风条件下,有90%的概率可以被有一般背景噪声级(用中心频率为250赫的倍频带时取68分贝,用中心频率为500赫的倍频带时取63分贝)的船上收听点听到的大约距离。
    实际上,号笛的可听距离极易变化,而且主要取决于天气情况,所订数值可作为典型性的,但在强风或在收听点周围有高噪声级的情况下,距离可大大减小。
    (4)方向性
    方向性号笛的声压级,在轴线±45°内的任何水平方向上,比轴线上的规定声压级至多只应低4分贝,在任何其他水平方向上的声压级,比轴线上的规定声压级至多只应低10分贝,以使任何方向上的可听距离至少是轴线前方上可听距离的一半。声压级应在决定可听距离的那个1/3倍频带中测定。
    (5)号笛的安置
    当方向性号笛作为船上唯一的号笛使用时,其安装应使最大声强朝着正前方。
    号笛应安置在船上尽可能高的地方,使发出的声音少受遮蔽物的阻截,并使人员听觉受损害的危险降到最低程度。在船上收听点听到本船声号的声压级不应超过110分贝(A)。并应尽可能不超过100分贝(A)。
    (6)一个以上号笛的配置
    如各号笛配置的间距大于100米,则应作出安排使其不致同时鸣放。
    (7)联合号笛系统
    如果由于遮蔽物的存在,以致单一号笛或本节(6)所指号笛之一的声场可能有一个信号级大为减低的区域时,建议用一联合号笛系统以克服这种减低。就本规则而言,联合号笛系统作为单一号笛论。联合系统中各号笛的间距应不大于100米,并应作出安排使其同时鸣放。任一号笛的频率应与其他号笛的频率至少相差10赫。
    2.号钟和号锣
    (1)声号的强度
    号钟、号锣或其他具有类似声音特性的器具所发出的声压级,在距它1米处,应不少于110分贝。
    (2)构造
    号钟和号锣应用抗蚀材料制成,其设计应能使之发出清晰的音调。长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,号钟口的直径应不小于300毫米,长度为12米或12米以上但小于20米的船舶,应不小于200毫米。如可行,建议用一个机动钟锤,以保证敲力稳定,但仍应可能用手操作,钟锤的质量应不小于号钟质量的3%。
    3.认可
    声号器具的构造性能及其在船上的安装,应符合船旗国的有关主管机关的要求。
  
          附录四  遇险信号
    1.下列信号,不论是一起或分别使用或显示,均表示遇险需要救助:
    (1)每隔约1分钟鸣炮或燃放其他爆炸信号一次;
    (2)以任何雾号器具连续发声;
    (3)以短的间隔,每次放一个抛射红星的火箭或信号弹;
    (4)无线电报或任何其他通信方法发出莫尔斯码组…——…(SOS)的信号;
    (5)无线电话发出“梅代”①(MAYDAY)语言的信号;注:也可用汉语拼音发出Meidai语音——译者。

    (6)《国际简语信号规则》中表示遇险的信号N.C.;
    (7)由一面方旗放在一个球体或任何类似球形物体的上方或下方所组成的信号;
    (8)船上的火焰(如从燃着的柏油桶、油桶等发出的火焰);
    (9)火箭降落伞式或手持式的红色突耀火光;
    (10)放出橙色烟雾的信号;
    (11)两臂侧伸,缓慢而重复地上下摆动;
    (12)无线电报报警信号;
    (13)无线电话报警信号;
    (14)由应急无线电示位标发出的信号;
    (15)由无线电通信系统发送的经认可的信号。
    2.除为表示遇险需要救助外,禁止使用或显示上述任何信号以及可能与上述任何信号相混淆的其他信号。
    3.应注意《国际信号规则》的有关部分,《商船搜寻和救助手册》以及下述的信号:
    (1)一张橙色帆布上带有一个黑色正方形和圆圈或者其他合适的符号(供空中识别);
    (2)海水染色标志。
  
          1972年国际海上避碰规则若干条文的统一运用指南
    (政府间海事协商组织1982年4月5日MSC/circ322号通函)
    下列指南是给海员们及其他有关方面在运用1972年国际海上避碰规则若干条文时,提供帮助。
    1.对于第三条第8款“限于吃水的船舶”一词的定义的说明
    决定船舶是否限于吃水的因素,不仅是水深而且还有可航水域的宽度。当决定这个问题时,还应适当考虑到小量的富裕水深对于船舶操纵性能和船舶偏离其所驶航向的能力的影响。一艘船舶以小量的富裕水深在一个水域航行时,如果有足够的水域采取避让行动,就不能视为一艘限于吃水的船舶。
    2.对于运用第三条第9款“在航”一词的说明
    在运用“在航”一词的定义时,航海人员还应注意到第三十五条第2款,该款指出一艘船舶可以是在航,但已停车并且不对水移动。
    3.对于运用第九条第2、3和4款,第十条第9和10款与第十八条第4款中“不应妨碍”一词的说明
    当要求一艘船舶不妨碍另一艘船舶的通行时,该船应尽可能采用避免发生碰撞危险的方法航行。但如碰撞危险的局面已经发生,则应遵守有关驾驶和航行规则。
    4.对于第十条和第二章第二、三节之间的关系的说明
    在经海协批准的分道通航制区域内或其附近航行的船舶,特别应该遵守1972年国际海上避碰规则第十条的规定,以减少与他船发生碰撞危险。如果认为与他船存在碰撞危险,则1972年国际海上避碰规则的其他规定,特别是第二章第二、三节的规定全都应予遵守。
    5.对于第十条第2款(1)项在通航分道内转移的说明
    下述情况属于谨慎驾驶的通常做法并符合1972年国际海上避碰规则第十条的规定,即一艘船舶在使用通航分道时,可以在分道内从一侧转移到另一侧,但在进行此种转移时,应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的交角。
    6.对于第十条第4款小船使用沿岸通航带的说明
    为了遵守第十条第4款的规定和安全航行,长度小于20米的船或帆船,即使是过境航行,也可以使用沿岸通航带。
    7.对于第十八条第4款与第二章第二和三节之间的关系的说明
    一艘限于吃水的船舶,当与另一艘船在交叉相遇或对遇的局面下存在碰撞危险时,应作为机动船遵守有关的驾驶与航行规则。在显示第二十八条规定的信号情况下,应将机器作好随时操纵的准备,并用第六条规定所要求的安全航速行驶。
  
        INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972
  
      【注】  (CONSOLIDATED TEXT, 1989)
  
          TABLE OF CONTENTS

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea, 1972
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972
     Part A-General
     Part B-Steering and sailing rules
     Part C-Lights and shapes
     Part D-Sound and light signals
     Part E-Exemptions
     Annex I Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
     Annex II Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close
proximity
     Annex III Technical details of sound signal appliances
     Annex IV Distress signals
Guidance for the uniform application of certain rules of the 1972
Collision Regulations
  
          Whole document

CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT
SEA, 1972
    The Parties to the present Convention,
    DESIRING to maintain a high level of safety at sea,
    MINDFUL of the need to revise and bring up to date the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea annexed to the Final Act of
the International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960,
    HAVING CONSIDERED those Regulations in the light of developments since
they were approved,
    HAVE AGREED as follows:
  
          ARTICLE I General Obligations

    The Parties to the present Convention undertake to give effect to the
Rules and other Annexes constituting the International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, (hereinafter referred to as "the
Regulations") attached hereto.

  
          ARTICLE II Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval  and  Ac-cession

    1. The present Convention shall remain open for signature until 1 June
1973 and shall thereafter remain open for accession.
    2. States Members of the United Nations, or of any of the Specialized
Agencies, or the International Atomic Energy Agency, or Parties to the
Statute of the International Court of Justice may become Parties to this
Convention by:
        (a) signature without reservation, as to ratification, acceptance
or approval;
        (b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval;
followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or
        (c) accession.
    3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected
by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Inter-Governmental
Maritime Consultative organization (hereinafter referred to as "the
Organization") which shall inform the Governments of States that have
signed or acceded to the present Convention of the deposit of each
instrument and of the date of its deposit.

  
          ARTICLE III Territorial Application

    1. The United Nations in cases where they are the administering
authority for a territory,  or any Contracting Party responsible for the
international relations of a territory, may at any time by notification in
writing to the Secretary-General of the Organization (hereinafter referred
to as "the Secretary-General"), extend the application of this Convention
to such a territory.

    2. The present Convention shall, upon the date of receipt of the
notification or from such other date as may be specified in the
notification, extend to the territory named therein.
    3. Any notification made in accordance with paragraph 1 of this
Article may be withdrawn in respect of any territory mentioned in that
notification and the extension of this Convention to that territory shall
cease to apply after one year or such longer period as may be specified at
the time of the withdrawal.
    4. The Secretary-General shall inform all Contracting Parties of the
notification of any extension or withdrawal of any extension communicated
under this Article.

  
          ARTICLE IV Entry into Force

    1. (a) The present Convention shall enter into force twelve months
after the date on which at least 15 States, the aggregate of whose
merchant fleets constitutes not less than 65 per cent by number or by
tonnage of the world fleet of vessels of 100 gross tons and over have
become Parties to it, whichever is achieved first.
    (b) Notwithstanding the provisions in sub-paragraph (a) of this
paragraph, the present Convention shall not enter into force before 1
January 1976.
    2. Entry into force for States which ratify, accept, approve or accede
to this Convention in accordance with Article II after the conditions
prescribed in subparagraph 1 (a) have been met and before the Convention
enters into force, shall be on the date of entry into force of the
Convention.
    3. Entry into force for States which ratify, accept, approve or accede
after the date on which this Convention enters into force, shall be on the
date of deposit of an instrument in accordance with Article II.
    4. After the date of entry into force of an amendment to this
Convention in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article VI, any ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession shall apply to the Convention as
amended.
    5. On the date of entry into force of this Convention, the Regulations
replace and abrogate the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea 1960.
    6. The Secretary-General shall inform the Governments of States that
have signed or acceded to this Convention of the date of its entry into
force.

  
          ARTICLE V Revision Conference

    1. A Conference for the purpose of revising this Convention or the
Regulations or both may be convened by the Organization.
    2. The Organization shall convene a Conference of Contracting Parties
for the purpose of revising this Convention or the Regulations or both at
the request of not less than one-third of the Contracting Parties.

  
          ARTICLE VI Amendments to the Regulations

    1. Any amendment to the Regulations proposed by a Contracting Party
shall be considered in the Organization at the request of that Party.
    2. If adopted by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting in
the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization, such amendment shall be
communicated to all Contracting Parties and Members of the Organization at
least six months prior to its consideration by the Assembly of the
Organization. Any Contracting Party which is not a Member of the
Organization shall be entitled to participate when the amendment is
considered by the Assembly.
    3. If adopted by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting in
the Assembly, the amendment shall be communicated by the Secretary-General
to all Contracting Parties for their acceptance.
    4. Such an amendment shall enter into force on a date to be determined
by the Assembly at the time of its adoption unless, by a prior date
determined by the Assembly at the same time, more than one-third of the
Contracting Parties notify the Organization of their objection to the
amendment. Determination by the Assembly of the dates referred to in this
paragraph shall be by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting.
    5. On entry into force any amendment shall, for all Contracting
Parties which have not objected to the amendment, replace and supersede
any previous provision to which the amendment refers.
    6. The Secretary-General shall inform all Contracting Parties and
Members of the Organization of any request and communication under this
Article and the date on which any amendment enters into force.

  
          ARTICLE VII Denunciation

    1. The present Convention may be denounced by a Contracting Party at
any time after the expiry of five years from the date on which the
Convention entered into force for that Party.
    2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with
the Organization. The Secretary-General shall inform all other Contracting
Parties of the receipt of the instrument of denunciation and of the date
of its deposit.
    3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as
may be specified in the instrument, after its deposit.

  
          ARTICLE VIII Deposit and Registration

    1. The present Convention and the Regulations shall be deposited with
the Organization,  and the Secretary-General shall transmit certified true
copies thereof to all Governments of states that have signed this
Convention or acceded to it.
    2. When the present Convention enters into force, the text shall be
transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United
Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of
the Charter of the United Nations.

  
          ARTICLE IX Languages

    The present Convention is established, together with the Regulations,
in a single copy in the English and French languages, both texts being
equally authentic. Official translations in the Russian and Spanish
languages shall be prepared and deposited with the signed original.
    IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned* being duly authorized their
respective Governments for that purpose have signed the present
Convention.
    [* Signatures omitted.]
    DONE AT LONDON this twentieth day of October one thousand nine hundred
and seventy-two.

  
          INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972
     
  
          PART A-GENERAL
     
  
          Rule 1 Application

    (a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in
all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
    (b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of
special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours,
rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and
navigable by sea-going vessels. Such special rules shall conform as
closely as possible to these Rules.
    (c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any
special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to
additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships
of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional
station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing
as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle
signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken
for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.
    (d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for
the purpose of these Rules.
    (e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a
vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the
provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position,
range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the
disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such
vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number,
position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to
the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her
Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance
with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

  
          Rule 2 Responsibility

    (a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner,
master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply
with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required
by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the
case.
    (b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be
had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special
circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which
may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

  
          Rule 3 General Definitions

    For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise
requires:
    (a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft,
including nondisplacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being
used as a means of transportation on water.
    (b) The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by
machinery.
    (c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided
that propelling machinery,  if fitted, is not being used.
    (d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with
nets, lines,  trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict
manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines
or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
    (e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on
the water.
    (f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through
some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these
Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
    (g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a
vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out
of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their
ability to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to:
        (i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a
navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
        (ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater
operations;
        (iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,
provisions or cargo while underway;
        (iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
        (v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;
        (vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely
restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from
their course.
    (h) The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven
vessel which,  because of her draught in relation to the available depth
and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to
deviate from the course she is following.
    (i) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made
fast to the shore,  or aground.
    (j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length
overall and greatest breadth.
    (k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when
one can be observed visually from the other.
    (l) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which
visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms,
sandstorms or any other similar causes.

  
          PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES
     
  
          SECTION 1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY
     
  
          Rule 4 Application

    Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility.

  
          Rule 5 Look-out

    Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight
and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the
prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of
the situation and of the risk of collision.

  
          Rule 6 Safe Speed

    Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she
can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped
within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions.
    In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those
taken into account:
    (a) By all vessels:
        (i) the state of visibility;
        (ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing
vessels or any other vessels;
        (iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to
stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
        (iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore
lights or from back scatter of her own lights;
        (v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of
navigational hazards;
        (vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.
    (b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
        (i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar
equipment;
        (ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
        (iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and
other sources of interference;

        (iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating
objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
        (v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by
radar;
        (vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be
possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other
objects in the vicinity.

  
          Rule 7 Risk of Collision

    (a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision
exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
    (b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and
operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk
of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of
detected objects.
    (c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information,
especially scanty radar information.
    (d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following
considerations shall be among those taken into account:
        (i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of
an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;
        (ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable
bearing change is evident,  particularly when approaching a very large
vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

  
          Rule 8 Action to avoid Collision

    (a) Any action to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, be positive,  made in ample time and with due regard to the
observance of good seamanship.
    (b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if
the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily
apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of
small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.
    (c) If there is sufficient sea room. alteration of course alone may be
the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided
that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in
another close-quarters situation.
    (d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such
as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the
action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past
and clear.
    (e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the
situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by
stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
    (f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to
impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required
by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient
sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.
        (ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage
of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the
other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking
action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules
of this part.
        (iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains
fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels
are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

  
          Rule 9 Narrow Channels

    (a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or
fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway
which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

    (b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel
shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only
within narrow channel or fairway.
    (c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any
other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
    (d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such
crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only
within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal
prescribed in Rule 34 (d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing
vessel.
    (e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place
only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe
passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by
sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to
be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal
prescribed in Rule 34 (c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in
doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
        (ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her
obligation under Rule 13.
    (f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway
where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall
navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
    (g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
anchoring in a narrow channel.

  
          Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes

    (a) This rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the
Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any
other rule.
    (b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
        (i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general
direction of traffic flow for that lane;
        (ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line
or separation zone;
        (iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of
the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as
small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
    (c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic
lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as
practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
    (d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can
safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic
separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length,
sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic
zone.
        (ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an
inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore
installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated
within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
    (e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or
leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a
separation line except:
        (i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
        (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
    (f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic
separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
    (g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic
separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
    (h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by
as wide a margin as is practicable.
    (i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any
vessel following a traffic lane.
    (j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel
shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a
traffic lane.
    (k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an
operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic
separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent
necessary to carry out the operation.
    (l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an
operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable,
within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this
Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

  
          SECTION II-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER
     
  
          Rule 11 Application

    Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

  
          Rule 12 Sailing Vessels

    (a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to
involve risk of collision,  one of them shall keep out of the way of the
other as follows:
        (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which
has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
        (ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is
to wind-ward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;

        (iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to
windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has
the wind on the port or on the starboard side,  she shall keep out of the
way of the other.
    (b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to
be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the
case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the
largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

  
          Rule 13 Overtaking

    (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B,
Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the
way of the vessel being overtaken.
    (b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with
another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam,
that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is
overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of
that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
    (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking
another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
    (d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels
shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning
of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the
overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

  
          Rule 14 Head-on Situation

    (a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly
reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her
course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
    (b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the
other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights
of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by
day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
    (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation
exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

  
          Rule 15 Crossing Situation

    When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of
collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall
keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit,
avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

  
          Rule 16 Action by Give-way Vessel

    Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another
vessel shall, so far as possible,  take early and substantial action to
keep well clear.

  
          Rule 17 Action by Stand-on Vessel

    (a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other
shall keep her course and speed.
        (ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision
by her manoeuvre alone,  as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the
vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in
compliance with these Rules.
    (b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and
speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the
action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will
best aid to avoid collision.
    (c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation
in accordance with sub-paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision
with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.
    (d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation
to keep out of the way.

  
          Rule 18 Responsibilities between Vessels

    Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:
    (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
        (i) a vessel not under command;
        (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
        (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
        (iv) a sailing vessel.
    (b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
        (i) a vessel not under command;
        (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;
        (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.
    (c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as
possible, keep out of the way of:
        (i) a vessel not under command;
        (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
    (d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her
draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.
        (ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with
particular caution having full regard to her special condition.
    (c) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all
vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however,
where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this
Part.

  
          SECTION III-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
     
  
          Rule 19 Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

    (a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when
navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.
    (b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A
power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.
    (c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances
and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of
Section I of this Part.
    (d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another
vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or
risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample
time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course,
so far as possible the following shall be avoided:
        (i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the
beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;
        (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the
beam.
    (e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does
not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog
signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation
with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the
minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary
take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until
danger of collision is over.

  
          PART C-LIGHTS AND SHAPES
     
  
          Rule 20 Application

    (a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.
    (b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to
sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except
such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules
or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere
with the keeping of a proper look-out.
    (c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be
exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be
exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.
    (d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.
    (e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with
the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

  
          Rule 21 Definitions

    (a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft
centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the
horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead
to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.
    (b) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red
light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the
horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right
ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel
of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one
Lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel.
    (c) "Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable
at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135
degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on
each side of the vessel.
    (d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same
characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
    (e) "All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over an
arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.
    (f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a
frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

  
          Rule 22 Visibility of Lights

    The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as
specified in Section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible
at the following minimum ranges:
    (a) In vessels of 50 metres or more in length:
        -a masthead light, 6 miles;
        -a sidelight, 3 miles;
        -a sternlight, 3 miles;
        -a towing light, 3 miles;
        -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles.
    (b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres
in length:
        -a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the
vessel is less than 20 metres,  3 miles;
        -a sidelight, 2 miles;
        -a sternlight, 2 miles;
        -a towing light, 2 miles;
        -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.
    (c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length:
        -a masthead light, 2 miles;
        -a sidelight, 1 miles;
        -a sternlight, 2 miles;
        -a towing light, 2 miles;
        -a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.
    (d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:
        -a white all-round light, 3 miles.

  
          Rule 23 Power-driven Vessels underway

    (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit:
        (i) a masthead light forward;
        (ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward
one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be
obliged to exhibit such light but may do so;
        (iii) sidelights;
        (iv) a sternlight.
    (b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode
shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule,
exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light.
    (c) (i) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in
lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an
all-round white light and sidelights;
        (ii) a power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose
maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed
in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall,
if practicable, also exhibit sidelights;
        (iii) the masthead light or all-round white light on a
power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced from
the fore and aft centreline of the vessel if centreline fitting is not
practicable, provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern
which shall be carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel or
located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the
masthead light or the all-round white light.

  
          Rule 24 Towing and Pushing

    (a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:
        (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii),
two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow,
measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow
exceeds 200 metres, three such lights in a vertical line;
        (ii) sidelights;
        (iii) a sternlight;
        (iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight;
        (v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape
where it can best be seen.
    (b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly
connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven
vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23.
    (c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside,
except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit:
        (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii),
two masthead lights in a vertical line;
        (ii) sidelights;
        (iii) a sternlight.
    (d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule
applies shall also comply with Rule 23 (a)(ii).
    (e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in
paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit:
        (i) sidelights;
        (ii) a sternlight;
        (iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond
shape where it can best be seen.
    (f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or
pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel:
        (i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite
unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;
        (ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and
at the forward end, sidelights.
    (g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or
combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit:
        (i) if it is less than 25 metres in breadth, one all-round white
light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except
that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward and;
        (ii) if it is 25 metres or more in breadth, two additional
all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth;
        (iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round
white lights between the lights prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii)
so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres;
        (iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the
last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200
metres an additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located
as far forward as is practicable.

    (h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel
or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in
paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to
light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of
such vessel or object.
    (i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel
not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed
in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to
exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or
otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to
indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the
vessel being towed as authorized by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating
the towline.

  
          Rule 25 Sailing Vessels underway and Vessels under Oars

    (a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:
        (i) sidelights;
        (ii) a sternlight.
    (b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern
carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen.
    (c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights
prescribed in paragraph (a)  of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of
the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical
line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not
be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by
paragraph (b) of this Rule.
    (d) (i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if
practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this
Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch
or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in
sufficient time to prevent collision.
        (ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this
Rule for sailing vessels,  but if she does not, she shall have ready at
hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which
shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.
    (e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by
machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape,
apex downwards.

  
          Rule 26 Fishing Vessels

    (a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall
exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.
    (b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging
through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing
appliance, shall exhibit.
        (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green
and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes
together in a vertical line one above the other;  a vessel of less than 20
metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket;
        (ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green
light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to
exhibit such a light but may do so;
        (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights
prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
    (c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling shall exhibit:
        (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red
and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes
together in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of less than 20
metres in length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket;
        (ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres
horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex
upwards in the direction of the gear;
        (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights
prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
    (d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels
engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex
II to these Regulations.
    (e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights
or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel
of her length.

  
          Rule 27 Vessels not under Command or Restricted in  their  Abilityto Manoeuvre

    (a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit:
        (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can
best be seen;
        (ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can
best be seen;
        (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights
prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.
    (b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel
engaged in mineclearance operations, shall exhibit:
        (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best
be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the
middle light shall be white;
        (ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen.
The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a
diamond;
        (iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or
lights, side-lights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed
in sub-paragraph (i);
        (iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes
prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i)  and (ii), the light, lights or shape
prescribed in Rule 30.
    (c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as
severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to
deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes
prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in
sub-paragraphs (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.
    (d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and
shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (b)(i), (ii)  and (iii) of this Rule
and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit:
        (i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to
indicate the side on which the obstruction exists;
        (ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line
to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass;
        (iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this
paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.
    (e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes
it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph
(d) of this Rule, the following shall be exhibited:
        (i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best
be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the
middle light shall be white;
        (ii) a rigid replica of the International Code flag "A" not less
than 1 metre in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round
visibility.

    (f) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations shall in addition to
the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the
lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as
appropriate, exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of
these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one
at each end of the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is
dangerous for another vessel to approach within 1000 metres of the
mineclearance vessel.
    (g) Vessels of less than 12 metres in length, except those engaged in
diving operations,  shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes
prescribed in this Rule.
    (h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in
distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV
to these Regulations.

  
          Rule 28 Vessels constrained by their Draught

    A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights
prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can
best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.

  
          Rule 29 Pilot Vessels

    (a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:
        (i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical
line, the upper being white and the lower red;
        (ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and sternlight;
        (iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in
sub-paragraph (i), the light,  lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for
vessels at anchor.
    (b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the
lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.

  
          Rule 30 Anchored Vessels and Vessels aground

    (a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:
        (i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;
        (ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light
prescribed in sub-paragraph (i), an all-round white light.
    (b) A vessel of less than 50 metres in length may exhibit an all-round
white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this Rule.
    (c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in
length, shall also use the available working or equivalent lights to
illuminate her decks.
    (d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph
(a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen:
        (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line;
        (ii) three balls in a vertical line.
    (e) A vessel of less than 7 metres in length, when at anchor, not in
or near a narrow channel, fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels
normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape
prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.
    (f) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length, when aground, shall not
be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs
(d)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.
  
          Rule 31 Seaplanes

    Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes
of the characteristics or in the positions described in the Rules of this
Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in
characteristics and position as is possible.

  
          PART D-SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS
     
  
          Rule 32 Definitions

    (a) The word "whistle" means any sound signalling appliance capable of
producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications
in Annex III to these Regulations.
    (b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's
duration.
    (c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six
seconds' duration.

  
          Rule 33 Equipment for Sound Signals

    (a) A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall be provided with a
whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 metres or more in length shall, in
addition, be provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot be
confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall comply
with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The bell or
gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective
sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the prescribed
signals shall always be possible.
    (b) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to
carry the sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this
Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other means of
making an efficient sound signal.

  
          Rule 34 Manoeuvring and Warning Signals

    (a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel
underway, when manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall
indicate that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle:
        -one short blast to mean "I am altering my course to starboard";
        -two short blasts to mean "I am altering my course to port";
        -three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern propulsion";
    (b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate,
whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out:
        (i) these light signals shall have the following significance:
            -one flash to mean "I am altering my course to starboard";
            -two flashes to mean "I am altering my course to port";
            -three flashes to mean "I am operating astern propulsion";
        (ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the
interval between flashes shall be about one second, and the interval
between successive signals shall be not less than ten seconds;

        (iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an
all-round white light, visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall
comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

    (c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway:
        (i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance
with Rule 9 (e)(i) indicate her intention by the following signals on her
whistle:
            -two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean "I
intend to overtake you on your starboard side";
            -two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean "I
intend to overtake you on your port side".
        (ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance
with Rule 9 (e)(i) shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on
her whistle:
            -one prolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast,
in that order.
    (d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other
and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or
actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being
taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall
immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid
blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal
of at least five short and rapid flashes.
    (e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where
other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound
one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast
by any approaching vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or
behind the intervening obstruction.
    (f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more
than 100 metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and
warning signals.
  
          Rule 35 Sound Signals in restricted Visibility

    In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night,
the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:
    (a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at
intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.
    (b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way
through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two
prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between
them.
    (c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel
engaged in fishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another
vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b)
of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts
in succession,  namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts.
    (d) A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at
anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this
Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.
    (e) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel
of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound
four blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short
blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the
signal made by the towing vessel.
    (f) When a pushed vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly
connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven
vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of
this Rule.
    (g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute
ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or
more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and
immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded
rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at
anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession, namely one short,
one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of
the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.
    (h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the
gong signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in
addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately
before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in
addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.
    (i) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to
give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make some
other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.
    (j) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to
the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (f) of this Rule Sound an
identity signal consisting of four short blasts.

  
          Rule 36 Signals to attract Attention

    If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may
make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal
authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of her
searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to
embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel
shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For
the purpose of this Rule the use of high intensity intermittent or
revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided.

  
          Rule 37 Distress Signals

    When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or
exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these Regulations.

  
          PART E-EXEMPTIONS
     
  
          Rule 38 Exemptions

    Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the
requirements of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea, 1960, the keel of which is laid or which is at a corresponding stage
of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be
exempted from compliance therewith as follows:
    (a) The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22,
until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
    (b) The installation of lights with colour specifications as
prescribed in Section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations, until four years
after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
    (c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from
Imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent
exemption.
    (d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than
150 metres in length,  resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(a) of
Annex I to these Regulations, permanent exemption.
        (ii) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres
or more in length, resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(a) of
Annex I to these Regulations, until nine years after the date of entry
into force of these Regulations.
    (e) The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the
prescriptions of Section 2(b)  of Annex I to these Regulations, until nine
years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
    (f) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions
of Sections 2(g) and 3 (b) of Annex I to these Regulations, until nine
years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.
    (g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex
III to these Regulations,  until nine years after the date of entry into
force of these Regulations.
    (h) The repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the
prescription of Section 9(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, permanent
exemption. ANNEX I POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF LIGHTS AND SHAPES
    1. Definition
    The term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost
continuous deck. This height shall be measured from the position
vertically beneath the location of the light.
    2. Vertical positioning and spacing of lights
    (a) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the
masthead lights shall be placed as follows:
        (i) the forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is
carried, then that light,  at a height above the hull of not less than 6
metres, and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a
height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the
light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 12
metres;
        (ii) when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be
at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward one.

    (b) The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels
shall be such that in all normal conditions of trim the after light will
be seen over and separate from the forward light at a distance of 1000
metres from the stem when viewed from sea level.
    (c) The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less
than 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of
not less than 2.5 metres.
    (d) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry
the uppermost light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale.
When however a masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a
sternlight or the all-round light prescribed in Rule 23 (c)(i) is carried
in addition to sidelights, then such masthead light or all-round light
shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sidelights.
    (e) One of the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a
power-driver vessel when engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall
be placed in the same position as either the forward masthead light or the
after masthead light, provided that, if carried on the aftermast,  the
lowest after masthead light shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher
than the forward masthead light.
    (f) (i) The masthead light or lights prescribed in Rule 23(a) shall be
so placed as to be above and clear of all other lights and obstructions
except prescribed in sub-paragraph (ii).
        (ii) When it is impracticable to carry the all-round lights
prescribed by Rule 27(b)(i) or Rule 28 below the masthead lights, they may
be carried above the after masthead light(s) or vertically in between the
forward masthead light(s) and after masthead light(s), provided that in
the latter case the requirement of Section 3(c) of this Annex shall be
complied with.
    (g) The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a
height above the hull not greater than three quarters of that of the
forward masthead light. They shall not be so low as to be interfered with
by deck lights.
    (h) The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a
power-driven vessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not
less than 1 metre below the masthead light.
    (i) When the Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in a
vertical line, they shall be spaced as follows:
        (i) on a vessel of 20 metres in length or more such lights shall
be spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights
shall, except where a towing light is required, be placed at a height of
not less than 4 metres above the hull;
        (ii) on a vessel of less than 20 metres in length such lights
shall be spaced not less than 1 metre apart and the lowest of these lights
shall, except where a towing light is required, be placed at a height of
not less than 2 metres above the gunwale.
        (iii) when three lights are carried they shall be equally spaced.
    (j) The lower of the two all-round lights prescribed for a vessel when
engaged in fishing shall be at a height above the sidelights not less than
twice the distance between the two vertical lights.

    (k) The forward anchor light prescribed in Rule 30 (a)(i), when two
are carried, shall not be less than 4.5 metres above the after one. On a
vessel of 50 metres or more in length this forward anchor light shall be
placed at a height of not less than 6 metres above the hull.
    3. Horizontal positioning and spacing of lights
    (a) When two masthead lights are prescribed for a power-driven vessel,
the horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one half of
the length of the vessel but need not be more than 100 metres. The forward
light shall be placed not more than one quarter of the length of the
vessel from the stem.
    (b) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the
sidelights shall not be placed in front of the forward masthead lights.
They shall be placed at or near the side of the vessel.
    (c) When the lights prescribed in Rule 27 (b)(i) or Rule 28 are placed
vertically between the forward masthead light(s) and the after masthead
light(s) these all-round lights shall be placed at a horizontal distance
of not less than 2 metres from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel
in the athwartship direction.
    4. Details of location of direction-indicating lights for fishing
vessels, dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations
    (a) The light indicating the direction of the outlying gear from a
vessel engaged in fishing as prescribed in Rule 26 (c)(ii) shall be placed
at a horizontal distance of not less than 2 metres and not more than 6
metres away from the two all-round red and white lights. This light shall
be placed not higher than the all-round white light prescribed in Rule 26
(c)(i) and not lower than the sidelights.
    (b) The lights and shapes on a vessel engaged in dredging or
underwater operations to indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on
which it is safe to pass, as prescribed in Rule 27 (d)(i) and (ii), shall
be placed at the maximum practical horizontal distance, but in no case
less than 2 metres, from the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27 (b)(i)
and (ii). In no case shall the upper of these lights or shapes be at
greater height than the lower of the three lights or shapes prescribed in
Rule 27 (b)(i) and (ii).
    5. Screens for sidelights
    The sidelights of vessels of 20 metres or more in length shall be
fitted with inboard screens painted matt black, and meeting the
requirements of Section 9 of this Annex. On vessels of less than 20 metres
in length the sidelights, if necessary to meet the requirements of Section
9 of this Annex, shall be fitted with inboard matt black screens. With a
combined lantern, using a single vertical filament and a very narrow
division between the green and red sections, external screens need not be
fitted.

    6. Shapes
    (a) Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:
        (i) a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 metre;
        (ii) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre
and height equal to its diameter;

        (iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a
height of twice its diameter;

        (iv) a diamond shape shall consist of two cones as defined in (ii)
above having a common base.
    (b) The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5 metres.
    (c) In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser
dimensions but commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and
the distance apart may be correspondingly reduced.

    7. Colour specification of lights
    The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the
following standards, which lie within the boundaries of the area of the
diagram specified for each colour by the International Commission on
Illumination  (CIE).
    The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the
comer co-ordinates,  which are as follows:
        (i) White
            X  0.525  0.525  0.452  0.310  0.310  0.443
            Y  0.382  0.440  0.440  0.348  0.283  0.382
        (ii) Green
            X  0.028  0.009  0.300  0.203
            Y  0.385  0.723  0.511  0.356
        (iii) Red
            X  0.680  0.660  0.735  0.721
            Y  0.320  0.320  0.265  0.259
        (iv) Yellow
            X  0.612  0.618  0.575  0.575
            Y  0.382  0.382  0.425  0.406

    8. Intensity of lights
    (a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by
using the formula:
     |-----------------------------|
     |            6      2   -D    |
     |  I=3.43×10 ×T×D ×K      |
     |-----------------------------|
    where I is luminous intensity in candelas under service conditions,
                                 |---------|
                                 |      -7 |
          T is threshold factor  | 2×10   | lux,
                                 |---------|
          D is range of visibility (luminous range) of the light in
nautical miles,
          K is atmospheric transmissivity.
            For prescribed lights the value of K shall be 0.8,
corresponding to a meteorological visibility of approximately 13 nautical
miles.
    (b) A selection of figures derived from the formula is given in the
following table:
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|  |  Luminous range intensity of light in  ||  Range of visibility (Luminous range) of  |  candelas for  ||  light in nautical miles  |  K=0.8  ||  D  |  I  ||-------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------||  1  |  0.9  ||  2  |  4.3  ||  3  |  12  ||  4  |  27  ||  5  |  52  ||  6  |  94  ||-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    NOTE: The maximum luminous intensity of navigation lights should be
limited to avoid undue glare. This shall not be achieved by a variable
control of the luminous intensity.
    9. Horizontal sectors
    (a) (i) In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel
shall show the minimum required intensities. The intensities shall
decrease to reach practical cut-off between 1 degree and 3 degrees outside
the prescribed sectors.
    (ii) For sternlights and masthead lights at 22.5 degrees abaft the
beam for sidelights, the minimum required intensities shall be maintained
over the arc of the horizon up to 5 degrees within the limits of the
sectors prescribed in Rule 21. Form 5 degrees within the prescribed
sectors the intensity may decrease by 50 per cent up to the prescribed
limits; it shall decrease steadily to reach practical cut-off at not more
than 5 degrees outside the prescribed sectors.
    (b) All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by
masts, topmasts or structures within angular sectors of more than 6
degrees, except anchor lights prescribed in Rule 30, which need not be
placed at an impracticable height above the hull.
    10. Vertical sectors
    (a) The vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, with the
exception of lights on sailing vessels underway shall ensure that:
        (i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all
angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
        (ii) at least 60 per cent of the required minimum intensity is
maintained from 7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal.
    (b) In the case of sailing vessels underway the vertical sectors of
electric lights as fitted shall ensure that:
        (i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all
angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;
        (ii) at least 50 per cent of the required minimum intensity is
maintained from 25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the horizontal.
    (c) In the case of lights other than electric these specifications
shall be met as closely as possible.
    11. Intensity of non-electric lights
    Non-electric lights shall so far as practicable comply with the
minimum intensities, as specified in the Table given in Section 8 of this
Annex.
    12. Manoeuvring light
    Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2(f) of this Annex the
manoeuvring light described in Rule 34(b) shall be placed in the same fore
and aft vertical plane as the masthead light or lights and, where
practicable, at a minimum height of 2 metres vertically above the forward
masthead light, provided that it shall be carried not less than 2 metres
vertically above or below the after masthead light. On a vessel where only
one masthead light is carried the manoeuvring light, if fitted, shall be
carried where it can best be seen, not less than 2 metres vertically apart
from the masthead light.

    13. Approval
    The construction of lights and shapes and the installation of lights
on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate
authority of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly. ANNEX II
ADDITIONAL SIGNALS FOR FISHING VESSELS FISHING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
    1. General
    The Lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of Rule
26(d), be placed where they can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9
metre apart but at a lower level than lights prescribed in Rule 26 (b)(i)
and (c)(i). The lights shall be visible all round the horizon at a
distance of at least 1 mile but at a lesser distance than the lights
prescribed by these Rules for fishing vessels.
    2. Signals for trawlers
    (a) Vessels when engaged in trawling, whether using demersal or
pelagic gear, may exhibit:

        (i) when shooting their nets: two white lights in a vertical line;

        (ii) when hauling their nets: one white light over one red light
in a vertical line;
        (iii) when the net has come fast upon an obstruction: two red
lights in a vertical line.
    (b) Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit:
        (i) by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction
of the other vessel of the pair;
        (ii) when shooting or hauling their nets or when their nets have
come fast upon an obstruction, the lights prescribed in 2(a) above.
    3. Signals for purse seines
    Vessel engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit two yellow
lights in a vertical line. These lights shall flash alternately every
second and with equal light and occultation duration. These lights may be
exhibited only when the vessel is hampered by its fishing gear. ANNEX III
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF SOUND SIGNAL APPLIANCES
    1. Whistles
    (a) Frequencies and range of audibility
    The fundamental frequency of the signal shall lie within the range
70-700Hz.
    The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be
determined by those frequencies,  which may include the fundamental and/or
one or more higher frequencies, which lie within the range 180-700Hz ( ±1
per cent) and which provide the sound pressure levels specified in
paragraph 1(c) below.
    (b) Limits of fundamental frequencies
    To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamental
frequency of a whistle shall be between the following limits:
        (i) 70-200Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length;
        (ii) 130-350Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in
length;
        (iii) 250-700Hz, for a vessel less than 75 metres in length.

    (c) Sound signal intensity and range of audibility
    A whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of
maximum intensity of the whistle and at a distance of 1 metre from it, a
sound pressure level in at least one 1/3rdoctave band within the range of
frequencies 180-700Hz (±1 per cent) of not less than the appropriate
figure given in the table below.
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|  |  1/3rd-octave band  |  ||  Length of vessel  |  level at 1 metre  |  Audibility range in  ||  in metres  |  in dB referred to  |  nautical miles  ||  |  -5  2  |  ||  |  2×10  N/m  |  ||--------------------------|---------------------|---------------------------||  200 or more  |  143  |  2  ||  75 but less than 200  |  138  |  1.5  ||  20 but less than 75  |  130  |  1  ||  less than 20  |  120  |  0.5  ||-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The range of audibility in the table above is for information and is
approximately the range at which a whistle may be heard on its forward
axis with 90 per cent probability in conditions of still air on board a
vessel having average background noise level at the listening posts (taken
to be 68 dB in the octave band centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in the octave
band centred on 500Hz).
    In practice the range at which a whistle may be heard is extremely
variable and depends critically on weather conditions; the values given
can be regarded as typical but under conditions of strong wind or high
ambient noise level at the listening post the range may be much reduced.
    (d) Directional properties
    The sound pressure level of a directional whistle shall be not more
than 4 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level on the axis at any
direction in the horizontal plane within ±45 degrees of the axis. The
sound pressure level at any other direction in the horizontal plane shall
be not more than 10 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level on the
axis, so that the range in any direction will be at least half the range
on the forward axis. The sound pressure level shall be measured in that
1/3rd-octave band which determines the audibility range.
    (e) Positioning of whistles
    When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a
vessel, it shall be installed with its maximum intensity directed straight
ahead.
    A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order
to reduce interception of the emitted sound by obstructions and also to
minimize hearing damage risk to personnel. The sound pressure level of the
vessel's own signal at listening posts shall not exceed 110 dB (A) and so
far as practicable should not exceed 100 dB (A).
    (f) Fitting of more than one whistle
    If whistles are fitted at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, it
shall be so arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously.
    (g) Combined whistle systems
    If due to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single
whistle or one of the whistles referred to in paragraph 1 (f) above is
likely to have a zone of greatly reduced signal level,  it is recommended
that a combined whistle system be fitted so as to overcome this reduction.
For the purposes of the Rules a combined whistle system is to be regarded
as a single whistle. The whistles of a combined system shall be located at
a distance apart of not more than 100 metres and arranged to be sounded
simultaneously. The frequency of any one whistle shall differ from those
of the others by at least 10Hz.
    2. Bell or gone
    (a) Intensity of signal
    A bell or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics
shall produce a sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance
of 1 metre from it.

    (b) Construction
    Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and
designed to give a clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall
be not less than 300 mm for vessels of 20 metres or more in length, and
shall be not less than 200 mm for vessels of 12 metres or more but of less
than 20 metres in length. Where practicable, a power-driven bell striker
is recommended to ensure constant force but manual operation shall be
possible. The mass of the striker shall be not less than 3 per cent of the
mass of the bell.
    3. Approval
    The construction of sound signal appliances, their performance and
their installation on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the
appropriate authority of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to
fly. ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS
    1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or
separately, indicate distress and need of assistance:
    (a) a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a
minute;
    (b) a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus;
    (c) rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short
intervals;
    (d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method
consisting of the group ...--... (SOS) in the Morse Code;
    (e) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word
"Mayday";
    (f) the International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.;
    (g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a
ball or anything resembling a ball;
    (h) flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel,
etc.);
    (i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;
    (j) a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke;
    (k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to
each side;
    (l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal;
    (m) the radioteleph one alarm signal;
    (n) signals transmitted by emergency positioning-indicating radio
beacons;
    (o) approved signals transmitted by radio communication systems.
    2. The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for
the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of
other signals which may be confused with any of the above signals is
prohibited.

    3. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International
Code of Signals, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the
following signals:
    (a) a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and
circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);
    (b) a dye marker. GUIDANCE FOR THE UNIFORM APPLICATION OF CERTAIN
RULES OF THE 1972 COLLISION REGULATIONS (MSC/circ 332 on 5 April 1982,
IMCO)
    The following guidance is provided to assist seafarers and all others
concerned in the application of certain rules of the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972;
    1. Clarification of the definition "Vessel constrained by her
draught", Rule 3 (h)
    Not only the depth of water but also the available navigable water
width should be used as a factor to determine whether a vessel may be
regarded as constrained by her draught. When determining this, due account
should also be taken of the effect of a small underkeel clearance on
manoeuvrability of the vessel and thus her ability to deviate from the
course she is following. A vessel navigating in an area with a small
underkeel clearance but with adequate space to take avoiding action should
not be regarded as a vessel constrained by her draught.
    2. Clarification of the application of the word "underway", Rule 3(i)

    When applying the definition of the term "underway" mariners should
also have regard to Rule 35(b) where it is indicated that a vessel may be
underway but stopped and making no way through the water.
    3. Clarification of the implication of the words "not to impede" as
appearing in Rules 9 (b), (c) and (d), 10(i) and (j) and 18(d)
    When a vessel is required not to impede the passage of another vessel,
such vessel shall so far as practicable navigate in such a way as to avoid
the development of risk of collision. If,  however, a situation has
developed so as to involve risk of collision, the relevant Steering and
Sailing Rules shall be complied with.
    4. Clarification of the relation between Rule 10 and the Rules of Part
B, Sections II and III
    A vessel navigating in or near a traffic separation scheme adopted by
the Organization shall, in particular, comply with Rule 10 of the
International Regulations for Preventing collisions at Sea, 1972, to
minimize the development of risk of collision with another vessel. The
other Rules of the 1972 Collision Regulation apply in all respects, and
particularly the Rules of Part B, Sections II and III, if risk of
collision with another vessel is deemed to exist.
    5. Clarification of the transference within a lane, Rule 10(b)(i)
    It is within the ordinary practice of prudent seamanship and in
keeping with the provisions of Rule 10 of the 1972 Collision Regulations
that a vessel using a traffic lane may make a transfer within a lane from
one side to the other, provided such a transfer is accomplished at as
small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as is practicable.

    6. Clarification on the use on inshore traffic zones by small vessels,
Rule 10(d)
    To comply with Rule 10(j) and for reasons of safe navigation a vessel
of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel, even when through
traffic, may use inshore traffic zones.
    7. Clarification of the relation between Rule 18(d) and the Rules of
Part B, Sections II and III
    A vessel constrained by her draught shall, when risk of collision with
another vessel in a crossing or head-on situation exists, apply the
relevant Steering and Sailing Rules as a power-driven vessel. She should,
when showing the signals prescribed by Rule 28, have her engines ready for
immediate manoeuvre and proceed at a safe speed as required by Rule 6.
 楼主| 发表于 2014-12-5 10:09:53 | 显示全部楼层
关于《1972年国际海上避碰规则》2001年修正案生效的通知
交通部


中华人民共和国交通部
公 告

第15号



关于《1972年国际海上避碰规则》2001年修正案生效的通知

  国际海事组织于2001年11月29日以第A.910(22)号大会决议通过了一项对《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案,根据该大会决议和《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》第VI条第4款的规定,该修正案将通过默认接受程序于2003年11月29日生效。

  我国是《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》的当事国,在上述修正案通过以后,没有对其内容提出过异议。因此,该修正案将对我国具有约束力。
现将该修正案公告,请遵照执行。

  附件:《1972年国际海上避碰规则》修正案




附件


《1972年国际海上避碰规则》修正案

1        第3条
—        第(a)款修正如下:
(a)        “船舶”一词系指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水船舶、地效船和水上飞机。
—        增加新的第(m)款如下:
(m)        “地效船”一词系指多式船艇,其主要操作方式是利用表面效应贴近水面飞行。
2        第8条
—        第(a)款修正如下:
(a)        应根据本章各条规定采取避免碰撞的任何行动,如当时环境许可,应是积极地,并应及早地进行和注意运用良好的船艺。
3        第18条
—        增加新的第(f)款如下:
(f) (i)        地效船在贴近水面起飞、降落和飞行时应宽裕地让清所有其它船舶并避免妨碍它们的航行;
(ii)        在水面上操作的地效船应作为动力船舶遵守本章各条。
4        第23条
—        增加以下新第(c)款并相应重新编号:
(c)        除本条第(a)款规定的号灯外,地效船只有在贴近水面起飞、降落和飞行时才应显示高密度的环照红色闪光灯。
5.        第31条
—        第31条修正如下:
当水上飞机或地效船不可能显示按本章各条规定的各种特性或位置的号灯和号型时,则应显示尽可能近似于这种特性和位置的号灯和号型。
6.        第33条
—        第33(a)条修正如下:
(a)        长度为12米或12米以上的船舶应配备一个号笛,长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,除了号笛以外还应配备一个号钟,长度为100米或100米以上的船舶,除了号笛和号钟以外还应配备一个号锣。号锣的音调和声音不可与号钟相混淆。号笛、号钟和号锣应符合本规则附录III所载规格。号钟、号锣或二者均可用与其各自声音特性相同的其它设备代替,但任何时候都要能以手动鸣放规定的声号。
7.        第35条
—        增加新的第(i)款并相应重新编号:
(i)        长度为12米或12米以上但小于20米的船舶,不要求鸣放本条第(g)款和第(h)款规定的声号。但如不鸣放上述声号,则应鸣放他种有效的声号,每次间隔不超过两分钟。
8.        附录I
第13节        高速船
—        本节现有条款修正如下:
(a)        高速船的桅顶灯可置于低于本附录第2(a)(i)款规定的相应于船宽的高度上,但由舷灯和桅顶灯形成的等腰三角形的底边角,在侧视时不应小于27°。
(b)         长度为50米或50米以上的高速船上,本附录第2(a)(ii)款所要求的前桅灯和主桅灯之间4.5米的垂向距离可以修改,但此距离应不少于下列公式决定的数值:

式中:y为主桅灯高于前桅灯的高度(米)
a为航行状况下前桅灯高于水面的高度(米)
Ψ为航行状况下的纵倾(度)
C为桅顶灯的垂向距离(米)
9. 附录III
第1节        号笛
—        第(a)款修正如下:
(a)        频率和可听距离
笛号的基频应在70-700赫的范围内。笛号的可听距离应通过其频率和来确定,这些频率可包括基频和(或)一种或多种较高的频率,并具下文第1(c)款规定的声压级。对于长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,频率范围为180-700赫(+/-1%),对于长度为20米以下的船舶,频率范围为180-2100赫(+/-1%)。
—        第(c)款修正如下:
(c)        笛号的声强和可听距离
船上所装的号笛,在其最大声强方向上,距离1米处,在频率180-700赫(+/-1%)(长度20米或20米以上船舶)或180-2100赫(+/-1%)(长度20米以下船舶)范围内的至少一个1/3倍频带中,应具有不小于下表所规定相应数值的声压级别。

船舶长度(米)        1/3倍频带声压级(距离1米,相对于2×10-5N/m2)(分贝)        可听距离(海里)
200或200以上        143        2
75或75以上但小于200        138        1.5
20或20以上但小于75        130        1
小于20        120*1        0.5
115*2       
111*3       
*1        当量测频率在180-450赫时
*2        当量测频率在450-800赫时
*3        当量测频率在800-2100赫时
第2条        号钟和号锣
—        第(b)款修正如下:
(b)        构造
号钟和号锣应用抗蚀材料制成,其设计应能使之发出清晰的音调。长度为20米或20米以上的船舶,号钟口的直径应不小于300毫米。如可行,建议用一个机动钟锤,以保证敲力稳定,但仍应可能用手操作。钟锤的质量不得小于号钟质量的3%。


                     中华人民共和国交通部(章)
                      二○○三年九月二十八日
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关于国际海事组织经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案生效的公告
交通运输部


关于国际海事组织经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案生效的公告

公告2009年第50号


  国际海事组织第25届大会于2007年11月29日以第A.1004(25)号决议通过了经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称避碰规则) 的修正案。
  根据避碰规则第VI条第4款关于修正案默认接受程序的规定,上述规则的修正案将于2009年12月1日生效。
  我国是避碰规则的缔约国,在上述规则的修正案通过后未对其内容提出任何反对意见,修正案对我国具有约束力。
  现将上述规则的修正案中文本予以公告,请遵照执行。


中华人民共和国交通运输部(章)
二00九年十一月十九日



主题词:国际 公约 修正案 生效



文档附件:


经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案.doc

附件
经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的修正案
附件IV
遇险信号
1        下列信号在一起或单独使用或展示时,表示遇险和需要救助:
(a)        约每隔1分钟开一枪或发出其他爆炸信号;
(b)        用任何雾号装置连续发声;
(c)        火箭或炮弹,以短暂间隔每次一发抛出红星;
(d)        以《摩斯信号规则》的…-…(SOS)信号组构成的任何信号方法发出的信号;
(e)        用无线电话发出的由口说的“MAYDAY”一词组成的信号;
(f)        由N.C. 表示的《国际信号规则》的遇险信号;
(g)        由下列者构成的信号:在一四方旗的上方或下方有一个球或球状物;
(h)        船舶上的火焰(如点燃的沥青桶或油桶等发出的火焰);
(i)        发出红光的火箭降落伞闪光信号或手提火焰信号;
(j)        发出橙色烟的烟号;
(k)        将从两侧伸展的手臂慢慢反复举起和放下;
(l)        通过在下列频道或频率上发出的数字选择性呼叫(DSC)发出的遇险警戒:
(a)        甚高频第70 频道,或
(b)        2187.5kHz、8414.5kHz、4207.5kHz、6312kHz、12577kHz或
16804.5kHz 频率上的中频/高频;
(m)        船舶的Inmarsat或其他移动卫星业务提供商的船舶地球站发出的船到岸遇险报警;
(n)        应急无线电示位标发送的信号;
(o)        包括救生筏雷达应答器在内的无线电通信系统发出的经核准的信号。
2        禁止为指示遇险和援助需要以外的其它目的使用或展示任何上述信号,还禁止使用可能与任何上述信号混淆的其它信号。
3        请注意《国际信号规则》、《国际空中和海上搜救手册》第 III 卷的有关章节和下列信号:
(a)        带有一个黑色方块和圆圈或其它适当符号的一块橙色帆布(供从空中识别);
(b)        一个染色标志。
**
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 楼主| 发表于 2021-3-8 12:39:19 | 显示全部楼层
《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》修正案(第A.1085(28)号决议)
【数据提供:北大法宝】
《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》修正案(第A.1085(28)号决议)

(2013年12月4日通过)


大会,

忆及《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》(下文称“本公约”)关于规则修正案的第VI条,

还忆及大会以第A.1070(28)号决议通过了《国际海事组织文书实施规则》(《文书实施规则》),

注意到为使《文书实施规则》成为强制性规则的本公约建议修正案,

审议了经海安会第九十一届会议通过的、按本公约第VI条第2款发送给所有缔约国的本公约修正案;还审议了海安会关于该修正案生效的建议案;

1. 按照本公约第VI条第3款,通过载于本决议附件中的修正案;

2. 按照本公约第VI条第4款,决定该修正案将于2016年1月1日生效,除非在2015年7月1日之前有超过三分之一的本公约缔约国表示反对该修正案;

3. 遵照新的F部分新的第40条,决定在《文书实施规则》(第A.1070(28)号决议附件)中除第29、30、31和32段外,无论何时使用“应(should)”字,它都应作“须(shall)”字解释。

4. 要求秘书长遵照本公约第VI条第3款,向本公约的所有缔约国发送该修正案以供接受;和

5. 请本公约各缔约国在2015年7月1日之前提交其可能有的、对该修正案的任何反对意见,此后该修正案须视为已经被接受,按照本决议的决定生效。

附 件
经修正的《1972年国际海上避碰规则公约》修正案

在现有的E部分(免除)之后增加新的F部分如下:

“F部分

对符合本公约规定的验证

第39条

定义

1. 审核系指为确定达到审核标准的程度而获取审核证据和客观地对其评价的一套系统的、独立的和有文件记录的程序。

2. 审核机制系指本组织制定的国际海事组织成员国审核机制,其中考虑到本组织制定的导则。

3. 文书实施规则系指本组织以第A.1070(28)号决议通过的《国际海事组织文书实施规则》(《文书实施规则》)。

4. 审核标准系指《文书实施规则》。

第40条

适用范围

各缔约国在按本附则履行其责任和义务时,须使用《文书实施规则》的规定。

第41条

符合性验证

5. 每一缔约国均须接受本组织按照审核标准进行的定期审核,以验证其是否符合并实施了本公约的要求。

6. 本组织秘书长须基于本组织制订的导则,负责对审核机制实施管理。

7. 每一缔约国均须基于本组织制订的导则,负责为开展审核提供便利并实施为处理审核结果的行动计划。

8. 对所有缔约国的审核均须:

(i) 基于本组织秘书长制订的总体计划,并考虑到本组织制订的导则;和

(ii) 定期进行,并考虑到本组织制订的导则。”
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