中新《关于承认与执行商事案件金钱判决的指导备忘录》

王希胜律师

中新《关于承认与执行商事案件金钱判决的指导备忘录》| 中英对照全文




中华人民共和国最高人民法院
和新加坡最高法院关于承认与执行
商事案件金钱判决的指导备忘录

MEMORANDUM OF GUIDANCE BETWEEN THE SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE SUPREME COURT OF SINGAPORE ON RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF MONEY JUDGMENTS IN COMMERCIAL CASES

导言

Introduction

第一条

本备忘录的目的包括以下两个方面：

1 、中华人民共和国最高人民法院借以说明新加坡法院作出的判决如何才能在中华人民共和国法院获得承认与执行。详见本指导备忘录第 6 至 16 条。
2 、新加坡最高法院借以说明中华人民共和国法院作出的判决如何才能在新加坡法院获得承认与执行。详见本指导备忘录第 17 至 30 条。
本备忘录仅适用于在商事案件中要求某一自然人或者法人向另一自然人或者法人支付固定或者可确定数额金钱的判决。
本备忘录提及的“判决”，无论名称如何，是指法院作出且加盖法院印章的任何决定。
本备忘录中所提及的商事案件是指其判决需要另一方法院承认与执行的案件，既包括国际性（具有涉外因素）的案件，也包括非国际性（不具有涉外因素）的案件。
本备忘录中提及的金钱判决，包括有关诉讼费用的判决。

Article 1

The purpose of this memorandum is two-fold:
(a) To allow the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China to set out how a judgment issued by the courts of Singapore may be recognized and enforced in the courts of the People’s Republic of China. This is set out by the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China in Articles 6 — 16 of this memorandum.
(b) To allow the Supreme Court of Singapore to set out how a judgment issued by the courts of the People’s Republic of China may be recognized and enforced in the courts of Singapore. This is set out by the Supreme Court of Singapore in Articles 17— 30 of this memorandum.
This memorandum is concerned only with judgments requiring a natural or legal person to pay a fixed or ascertainable sum of money to another natural or legal person in commercial cases. The term “judgment” as used in this memorandum refers to any decision, whatever its designation, rendered or made by courts and with court seal.
Commercial cases referred to in this memorandum include not only international
(foreign element involved) cases, but also non-international (no foreign elementInvolved) cases of which recognition and enforcement of judgment is sought in the other party’s courts.
Money judgments referred to in this memorandum include judgments on costs.

第二条

本备忘录不具有法律约束力，不构成条约或者法规，不对任何一方法官产生约束作用，同时也不取代现行或者未来的法律、司法判决或法院规则。本备忘录无意涵盖所有事项，无意创设或者改变任何现有或者未来的法律权利、法律关系或对双方互相承认与执行对方的金钱判决创设任何具有约束力的安排。

Article 2

This memorandum has no binding legal effect. It does not constitute a treaty or legislation, is not binding on the judges of either party and does not supersede any existing or future laws, judicial decisions or court rules. It is not intended to be exhaustive and is not intended to create or alter any existing or future legal rights or relations or to create any binding arrangements for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of each party’s money judgments.

第三条

双方希望并相信，本备忘录项下的合作将促进双方对彼此法律和司法程序的理解，并提升公众的观感和理解。

Article 3

The parties desire and believe that the cooperation demonstrated by this memorandum will promote a mutual understanding of their laws and judicial processes and will improve public perception and understanding.

中华人民共和国最高人民法院

The Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China

第四条

中华人民共和国最高人民法院是中华人民共和国最高审判机关，负责审理各类案件，制定司法解释，监督地方各级人民法院和专门法院的审判工作。

Article 4

The Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China is the highest judicial organ of the People’s Republic of China. Its responsibilities and mandates include adjudicating all types of cases, formulating judicial interpretations and supervising the adjudications of local courts at various levels and specialized courts.

新加坡最高法院

The Supreme Court of Singapore

第五条

新加坡最高法院是上级法院，由新加坡高等法庭和新加坡上诉庭组成。新加坡国际商业法庭是新加坡最高法院的组成部分，隶属新加坡高等法庭。

Article 5

The Supreme Court of Singapore is a superior court of law. It comprises the Singapore High Court and the Singapore Court of Appeal. The Singapore International Commercial Court is part of the Supreme Court of Singapore and is a division of the Singapore High Court.

在中华人民共和国法院承认与执行新加坡法院判决

Recognizing and Enforcing a Judgment of the Courts of Singapore in the Courts of the People’s Republic of China

第六条

目前两国尚无有关一方判决可在另一方法院承认与执行的条约。在此情况下，根据 《 中华人民共和国民事诉讼法 》 的规定 ，中华人民共和国法院可以在互惠基础上，根据申请人的申请，承认与执行新加坡法院的判决。

Article 6

There is currently no treaty in place pursuant to which either party’s judgments may be recognized and enforced by the other party’s courts. In the absence of a relevant treaty, a judgment of the courts of Singapore may be recognized and enforced in the courts of the People’s Republic of China on the basis of reciprocity according to Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China upon the application submitted by the claimant.

第七条

在中华人民共和国法院申请承认与执行的新加坡法院判决必须是终局性和确定性的判决。当该判决的终局性和确定性存在争议时，应当根据中国法律确定。有待上诉或者处于上诉过程中的判决不是终局性和确定性的判决。

Article 7

A judgment of the courts of Singapore to be recognized and enforced in the People’s Republic of China must be a final and conclusive judgment. Where the finality and conclusiveness of the judgment rendered or made by the courts of Singapore sought for recognition and enforcement in a Chinese court is challenged, the finality and conclusiveness of the judgment shall be determined in accordance with Chinese law. A judgment subject to or under appeal is not final and conclusive.

第八条

中华人民共和国法院不承认与执行将导致直接或间接执行任何涉及外国刑罚、税收或公法的新加坡法院判决。
中华人民共和国法院不承认与执行某些类型的新加坡法院判决，包括但不限于：涉及知识产权、不正当竞争、垄断案件的判决。

Article 8

The courts of the People’s Republic of China will not recognize and enforce judgments of the courts of Singapore which would amount to the direct or indirect enforcement of any foreign penal, revenue or public law.
The courts of the People’s Republic of China will not recognize and enforce certain types of judgments of the courts of Singapore, including but not limited to, judgments related to intellectual property rights cases, unfair competition cases, monopoly cases.

第九条

新加坡法院必须是经中华人民共和国法院根据中国法律裁定对争议事项具有司法管辖权的法院。

Article 9

The courts of Singapore must have had jurisdiction to determine the subject matter of the dispute, as determined by the courts of the People’s Republic of China, in accordance with Chinese law.

第十条

在中华人民共和国法院认为上述各项条件均已满足的情况下，仅可基于有限的理由在中华人民共和国法院质疑新加坡法院的判决。这些理由包括但不限于：
( 1 ）判决违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者损害国家主权、安全、社会公共利益；
( 2 ）判决系以欺诈手段取得；
( 3 ）当事人没有获得有关司法程序的适当通知或者没有获得答辩的合理机会；
( 4 ）审判组织成员与案件结果有个人利害关系；
( 5 ）无诉讼行为能力的当事人没有得到适当代理；
( 6 ）中华人民共和国法院对于相同当事人之间的同一争议正在进行审理或者已经作出终局性和确定性判决，或者已经承认或执行第三国就此作出的终局性和确定性判决或者仲裁裁决。

Article 10

Where the above requirements are established to the satisfaction of the court of the People’s Republic of China, a judgment of the courts of Singapore may be challenged in the courts of the People’s Republic of China only on limited grounds. Those grounds include but are not limited to:
(a) the judgment is contrary to basic principles of the law of the People’s Republic of China or will prejudice to its sovereignty, security or public Interests;
(b) the judgment was obtained by fraud;
(c) the litigant had not been given proper notice of the judicial proceedings or had not been given a reasonable opportunity to defend the case;
(d) the judicial body is constituted by persons with personal interests in the outcome of the case;
(e) the litigant without capacity for action has not been properly represented;
(f) the litigation between the same litigants and on the same subject is pending in the courts of the People’s Republic of China, or the courts of the People’s Republic of China have rendered or made a final and conclusive judgment, or have recognized or enforced a final and conclusive judgment rendered by a third state or an arbitration award.

第十一条

中华人民共和国法院对新加坡法院的判决不进行实质性审查。
不得以判决存在事实或者法律错误为由对判决提出质疑。

Article 11

The courts of the People’s Republic of China will not review the merits of a judgment of the courts of Singapore.
The judgment may not be challenged on the grounds that it contains an error of fact or law.

第十二条

为在中华人民共和国法院承认与执行新加坡法院判决，申请人必须向被执行人住所地或者其财产所在地的中级人民法院提交申请书启动诉讼程序。

Article 12

In order to recognize and enforce a judgment of the courts of Singapore in the courts of the People’s Republic of China, the claimant must commence the procedure by submitting an application to the intermediate people’s court in the place where the litigant subject to execution has its domicile or where its property is located.

第十三条

为在中华人民共和国法院承认与执行新加坡法院判决，申请人必须提交申请书以及经新加坡公证机关公证，并经中华人民共和国驻新加坡使、领馆认证的下列文件：
( 1）经证明的判决书副本；
( 2 ）证明判决并非有待上诉或者处于上诉过程中、上诉期限已满且不存在待决延长上诉期限申请的文件 ，除非判决中对此已予说明；
( 3 ）在缺席判决的情况下，证明缺席一方已经合法传唤的文件 ，除非判决中对此已予说明；
( 4 ）证明无诉讼行为能力人已得到适当代理的文件，除非判决中对此已予说明。
上述申请书、判决书和文件如非中文，应当附有经证明无误的中文译本。

Article 13

In order to recognize and enforce a judgment of the courts of Singapore in the courts of the People’s Republic of China, the claimant must submit an application, as well as the following documents authenticated by a notarial office in Singapore and confirmed by the Chinese embassy or consulate stationed in Singapore:
(a) a certified copy of the judgment;
(b) documents to certify that the judgment is not subject to or under appeal, the appeal period has expired in respect of the judgment and there is no pending application for an extension of time to appeal, unless that is specified in the judgment itself;
(c) in the case of default judgment, documents to certify that the defaulting litigant has been legally summoned, unless that is specified In the judgment itself;
(d) documents to certify that the litigant without capacity for action has been properly represented, unless that is specified in the judgment itself.
The application, judgment and documents mentioned above, if not made in Chinese, shall be accompanied by a certified translation into Chinese.

第十四条

当事人可以根据《新加坡最高法院程序指示 》 提交申请，获得经证明的新加坡法院判决副本。

Article 14

A litigant may obtain a certified copy of a judgment of the court of Singapore by making an application in accordance with the Supreme Court Practice Directions.

第十五条

中华人民共和国法院按照中华人民共和国法律的规定，审查申请承认与执行新加坡法院判决的案件。

Article 15

The courts of the People’s Republic of China shall adjudicate the case of application for recognition and enforcement of a Singapore court judgment in accordance with its domestic law.

第十六条

中华人民共和国法院对新加坡法院的判决予以承认后，如有必要，当事人有权申请强制执行。具体的执行程序和执行措施，适用 《 中华人民共和国民事诉讼法 》 和相关司法解释的规定。

Article 16

After the judgment of a court of Singapore is recognized in a court of the People’s Republic of China, where necessary, the litigant is entitled to apply for compulsory enforcement. The enforcement procedure and measures taken thereof are governed by Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China and related judicial interpretations.

在新加坡法院承认与执行中华人民共和国法院判决

Recognizing and Enforcing a Judgment of the Court of the People’s Republic of China in the Courts of Singapore

第十七条

目前两国尚无有关一方判决可在另一方法院执行的条约。在此情况下，可根据普通法的规定提出请求，在新加坡法院执行中华人民共和国法院的判决。

Article 17

There is currently no treaty in place pursuant to which either Party’s judgments may be enforced by the other party’s courts. In the absence of a relevant treaty, a judgment of the courts of the People’s Republic of China may be enforced in the courts of Singapore by a claim made at common law.

第十八条

新加坡法院的做法与英国普通法的立场相似。当具有司法管辖权的外国法院判定某人须向另一人支付一定金额，对债务人而言，则产生了支付该款项的法律义务。债权人可以主张将履行该项判决的义务作为债务予以执行，履行该项债务的法律义务与诉讼的根本因由相互独立。

Article 18

The approach of the courts of Singapore is similar to the position found in the English common law. Where a foreign court of competent jurisdiction has determined that a certain sum is due from one person to another, a legal obligation arises on the debtor to pay that sum. The creditor may bring a claim to enforce that obligation as a debt. This legal obligation to pay the debt is however separate from the underlying cause of action.

第十九条

在新加坡执行的中华人民共和国法院的判决必须是终局性和确定性的判决。
当对请求新加坡法院执行的中华人民共和国法院作出的判决的终局性和确定性存在争议时，应当根据中国法律确定。
新加坡法院可以要求申请执行判决的申请人从中华人民共和国作出该判决的法院获取判决终局性和确定性的证明，也可以通过新加坡最高法院向中华人民共和国最高人民法院寻求协助获取这一证明。
中华人民共和国作出该判决的法院出具的判决已经生效的证明，应当被视为该判决是终局性和确定性判决的决定性证据。

Article 19

The judgments of the courts of the People’s Republic of China to be enforced in Singapore must be final and conclusive.
Where the finality and conclusiveness of the judgment rendered or made by the courts of the People’s Republic of China sought for enforcement in a Singapore court is challenged, the finality and conclusiveness of the judgment shall be determined in accordance with Chinese law.
The courts of Singapore may request the claimant seeking enforcement to obtain certification from the court which rendered or made the judgment that the judgment is final and conclusive. The Singapore courts may also seek assistance from the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China through the Supreme Court of Singapore to obtain such certification.
The certification issued by the court of the People’s Republic of China which rendered or made the judgment to certify that the judgment has come into force shall be regarded as conclusive evidence on the finality and conclusiveness of the judgment.

第二十条

新加坡法院不承认与执行将导致直接或间接执行任何涉及外国刑罚、税收或公法的中华人民共和国法院判决。

Article 20

The courts of Singapore will not enforce judgments of the courts of the People’s Republic of China which would amount to the direct or indirect enforcement of any foreign penal, revenue or public law.

第二十一条

中华人民共和国法院必须是经新加坡法院裁定对争议事项具有司法管辖权的法院。判决针对的人存在下列情形之一时，新加坡法院通常认为中华人民共和国法院具有所需的司法管辖权：
(1）在起诉之时，身处或居住在中华人民共和国法院的司法管辖区内；
( 2 ）系诉讼程序中的申请人或反诉人；
( 3 ）接受中华人民共和国法院的管辖；
( 4 ）在诉讼程序启动之前 ，约定诉讼事项受中华人民共和国法院管辖。

Article 21

The courts of the People’s Republic of China must have had jurisdiction to determine the subject matter of the dispute, as determined by the courts of Singapore. The courts of Singapore will generally consider the courts of the People’s Republic of China to have had the required jurisdiction where the person against whom the judgment was given:
(a) was, at the time that the case was filed, present or resident in the jurisdiction of the court of the People’s Republic of China; or
(b) was the claimant, or counterclaimant, in the proceedings; or
(c) submitted to the jurisdiction of the court of the People’s Republic of China; or
(d) agreed, before commencement, in respect of the subject matter of the proceedings, to submit to the jurisdiction of the court of the People’s Republic of China.

第二十二条

在新加坡法院，可以基于有限理由质疑中华人民共和国法院作出的判决。这些理由包括（但不限于） :
( 1 ）判决系以欺诈手段取得的；
( 2 ）判决违反新加坡的公共政策；
( 3 ）新加坡法院认为作出判决的程序与自然正义的原则相抵触 。包括但不限于： ① 当事人没有获得有关司法程序的通知或者没有获得陈述意见的合理机会； ② 审判组织成员与案件结果有个人利害关系。

Article 22

A judgment of the courts of the People’s Republic of China may be challenged in the courts of Singapore only on limited grounds. Those grounds include (but are not limited to):
(a) the judgment was obtained by fraud;
(b) the judgment is contrary to Singapore public policy;
(c) the proceedings were conducted in a manner which the court of Singapore regards as contrary to the principles of natural justice, such as but not limited to:
i. the litigant had not been given notice of the judicial proceedings or had not been given a reasonable opportunity to be heard;
ii. the judicial body is constituted by persons with personal interests in the outcome of the case.

第二十三条

新加坡法院对中华人民共和国法院的判决不进行实质性审查。
不得以判决存在事实或者法律错误为由对判决提出质疑。

Article 23

The courts of Singapore will not review the merits of a judgment of the courts of the People’s Republic of China.
The judgment may not be challenged on the grounds that it contains an error of fact or law.

第二十四条

为执行中华人民共和国法院的判决，判决中的债权人必须向新加坡主管法院提交传讯令状启动诉讼程序，简要说明请求的性质及主张的判决债务金额。传讯令状应附有经证明的判决副本。

Article 24

In order to enforce a judgment of the courts of the People’s Republic of China, the judgment creditor must commence an action by filing a writ of summons in the competent court of Singapore, providing a concise statement of the nature of the claim and claiming the amount of the judgment debt. A certified copy of the judgment should be exhibited to the writ.

第二十五条

如判决中的债务人位于新加坡境外，在不损害第二十八条的情况下，判决中的债权人应当根据 《 新加坡法庭规则 》 第 11 号令的规定，向法庭提出申请，以获准在境外送达传讯令状。申请书应当附有包含以下内容的宣誓陈述书：
（1）经证明的中华人民共和国法院作出的判决书副本；
（2）提起诉讼旨在执行中华人民共和国法院作出的判决的说明（详见 《 新加坡法庭规则 》 第 11 号令第 1 ( m )条规则） ;
（3）判决中的债权人认为其具有充分诉讼理由的说明；
（4）判决中的债务人所在地、所在国或者可能所在之处的说明。

Article 25

Where the judgment debtor is outside of Singapore, without prejudice to Article 28, the judgment creditor will have to seek the leave of court to serve the writ of summons out of the jurisdiction in accordance with Order 11 of the Singapore Rules of Court. The application for leave should be supported by an affidavIt:
(a) exhibiting a certified copy of the judgment rendered or made by a court of the People’s Republic of China;
(b) stating that the claim is brought to enforce the judgment rendered or made by the court of the People’s Republic of China (in particular, Order 11, rule1(m) of the Singapore Rules of Court);
(c) stating that the judgment creditor believes that it has a good cause of action;
(d) stating the place or country the judgment debtor is, or probably may be found.

第二十六条

传讯令状送达完成后，如果判决中的债务人未就诉求作出回应，申请人有权根据 《 新加坡法庭规则 》 第 13 号令的规定，获得缺席判决。

Article 26

If, following service of the writ of summons, the judgment debtor does not respond to the claim, the claimant will be entitled to obtain judgment in default under Order 13 of the Singapore Rules of Court.

第二十七条

传讯令状送达完成后，如果判决中的债务人就诉求作出回应，申请人必须提交请求陈述书，列明诉求所依据的重要事实以及其他必要详情，并予送达。

Article 27

If, following service of the writ of summons, the judgment debtor responds to the claim, the claimant must file and serve a statement of claim setting out the material facts which are relied upon for the claim, and the necessary particulars of the claim.

第二十八条

如果判决的债务人位于中华人民共和国，应当按照 《 中华人民共和国和新加坡共和国关于民事和商事司法协助的条约 》 通过中国主管法院向其送达传讯令状、请求陈述书、诉求详情及后续文书。

Article 28

We understand that where the judgment debtor is in the People’s Republic of China, the service of writ of summons, the statement of claim, particulars of the claim and other subsequent documents should be effected through competent Chinese courts in accordance with Treaty on Judicial Assistance in Civil and Commercial Matters between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Singapore.

第二十九条

多数情况下，判决中的债权人有权根据 《 新加坡法庭规则 》 第 14 号令申请获得无需审理的即决判决，除非债务人能够提出应当进行审理的答辩理由，这些理由包括中华人民共和国法院作出的判决是通过欺诈手段获得的、违反新加坡的公共政策或与自然正义的原则相抵触。即决判决的申请会得到快速处理，无需言词证据。

Article 29

In most cases, a judgment creditor will be entitled to apply to obtain summary judgment without trial under Order 14 of the Singapore Rules of Court, unless the judgment debtor can raise a triable issue in relation to a defence based on the ground that the judgment rendered or made by the courts of the People’s Republic of China was obtained by fraud, contrary to Singapore’s public policy or rendered or made contrary to principles of natural justice. Applications for summary judgment are dealt with swiftly, without the need for oral evidence.

第三十条

如果在申请执行中华人民共和国法院作出的判决的诉讼中胜诉，判决中的债权人将享有新加坡法院判决的权益。如有必要，判决中的债权人有权根据 《 新加坡法庭规则 》 第 45 号令，通过新加坡法院的程序执行该判决。

Article 30

If the claim on the judgment rendered or made by a court of the People’s Republic of China is successful, the judgment creditor will then have the benefit of a judgment of a court of Singapore. The judgment creditor will be entitled, if necessary, to use the procedures of the courts of Singapore to enforce the judgment under Order 45 of the Singapore Rules of Court.

第三十一条

如需中华人民共和国最高人民法院的其他信息，请访问中华人民共和国最高人民法院网站：www.court.gov.cn。

Article 31

Further information about the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China can be obtained by visiting the website of the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China at www.court.gov.cn.

第三十二条

可通过下列方式获取新加坡最高法院的其他信息：
( 1 ）访问新加坡最高法院网站：http://www.supremecourt.gov.sg；
( 2 ）联系新加坡最高法院注册处：
① 地址：新加坡最高法院巷 1 号 2 楼，邮编 178879 ;
② 电话： + 6563360644 ;
③ 电子邮箱： supcourt_ registry @ supcourt . gov . sg 。

Article 32

Further information about the Supreme Court of Singapore can be obtained:
(a) by visiting the website of the Supreme Court of Singapore at http://www.supremecourt.gov.sg; or
(b) by contacting the Registry of the Supreme Court of Singapore:
I. at Level 2, 1 Supreme Court Lane, Singapore 178879;
ii. by telephone at +65 6336 0644; or
III. by email at supcourt_reglstry@supcourt.gov.sg.

本备忘录以中文和英文制成，各文本一式两份，两种文本同等作准。

This memorandum is made in duplicate In Chinese and English language, both texts being equally authentic.

2018 年 8 月 31 日由下列签署人签署：

SIGNED this 31st day of August, 2018 by:

中华人民共和国首席大法官最高人民法院院长 周强

Zhou Qiang
Chief Justice and President The Supreme People’s Court The People’s Republic of China

新加坡共和国最高法院首席大法官 梅达顺

Sundaresh Menon
Chief Justice Supreme Court Republic of Singapore