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2.3.1. Measures the Defendant shall/may Take
i)应签收法院送达的起诉状、应诉通知书、开庭传票和举证通知书等的送达回证并提交法院；
i) Shall sign and file the acknowledgement of service regarding the legal documents served by the court (including the copy of statement of claim, notice for responding to an action, summons and notice for providing evidence);
ii)应于收到起诉状副本后15日内提交答辩状(在中国大陆无住所的被告可于30日内提交)，可承认原告的请求或进行反驳；
ii) Shall file a statement of defense within 15 days after receiving the copy of the statement of claim (if the defendant has no domicile in mainland China, the time limit for filing a statement of defense is 30 days), in which the defendant may admit the claim or rebut the claim;
iii)如有管辖权异议的，应在提交答辩状期间内向法院提交管辖权异议申请书；
iii) May file an application of jurisdiction objection within the time limit of filing a statement of defense, if the defendant intends to dispute the court’s jurisdiction;
iv)应按照举证通知书指定的举证期提交证据;
iv) Shall file evidence within the time limit specified notice for providing evidence;
v)应按时参加开庭；
v) Shall attend to the hearing on schedule;
vi)可自己应诉也可委托代理人应诉;
vi) May participate in the legal proceedings by himself or by entrust 1 or 2 proxies to act on his behalf;
vii)若被告认为原告在涉案纠纷中也有违反合同或其他侵犯其合法权利的行为，被告还可提起反诉。
vii) May file a counterclaim if the defendant believe that the claimant was in violation of the contract or has infringed his legal rights in the dispute concerned.
2.4. 本院的管辖范围及受理案件范围
2.4. The Jurisdiction of Our Court
2.4.1. 管辖区域
本院管辖区域为浙江省所属港口和水域（包括所辖岛屿、所属港口和通海的内河水域）内发生的海事海商方面的一审案件。其中，洋山港及附近海域发生的海事、海商纠纷案件由上海海事法院管辖。
2.4.1. Jurisdictional Areas
Our court has jurisdiction over first instance maritime and admiralty cases within jurisdictional areas which include the ports, islands, coastal water and inland rivers connecting the sea in Zhejiang Province, whereas cases occurred in Yangshan port and neighboring sea areas shall be governed by Shanghai Maritime Court.
2.4.2. 受理案件范围
海事法院受理案件达100多种、6大类型，主要纠纷涉及海上货物运输、货代、船舶碰撞、租船、船员劳务、海上人身伤亡等。具体可参看《最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的规定》。
2.4.2. Scope of Cases to be Entertained
Maritime court handles more than 100 types of cases under 6 categories, most of which concern disputes over contract of carriage of goods by sea, contract of freight forwarding, charter party, labor contract, damage caused by ship collision, compensation for maritime personal injuries or deaths, etc. Please refer to “Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Scope of Cases to be Entertained by Maritime Courts”.
2.5. 证据
2.5. Evidence
2.5.1. 收集证据
2.5.1.1. 证据包括当事人的陈述、书证、物证、视听资料、电子数据、证人证言、鉴定意见、勘验笔录。收集证据一定要用合法的手段进行，法院不会采纳用非法手段获取的证据作为判案依据。
2.5.1. Collecting Evidence
2.5.1.1. Evidences include statement of a party, documentary evidence, physical evidence, audio-visual recordings, digital data, witness’ testimony, expert conclusion and records of survey and inspection. Evidence shall be collected by legal means, or the court will not admit such evidence.
2.5.1.2. 申请调查收集的证据属于国家有关部门保存并须人民法院依职权调取的档案材料，或属于涉及国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私的材料，或确因客观原因不能自行收集的其他材料，可申请法院调查收集证据，应提交调查取证申请书，且不得迟于举证期限届满前七日。
2.5.1.2. Where the evidence is the archive files kept by relevant organs of the state and can only be accessed by the court upon authority, or concerns state secrets, commercial secrets or personal privacy, or the evidence cannot be collected by the parties concerned due to objective reasons, the relevant party may request the court to investigate and collect such evidence, the party shall file an application for investigation and collecting evidence to the court at least 7 days prior to the expiration of the term for providing evidence.
2.5.1.3.对那些可能灭失或者以后难以取得的证据，可以申请法院保全证据，应提交证据保全申请书，且不得迟于举证期限届满前七日。若因情况紧急，在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，利害关系人可在提起诉讼或者申请仲裁前向证据所在地、被申请人住所地或者对案件有管辖权的人民法院申请保全证据，应提交诉前证据保全申请书。
2.5.1.3. As to the evidence that may be destroyed or lost or difficult to obtain in the future, a party may apply to the court for preservation of the evidence, the party shall file an application for preservation of evidence to the court at least 7 days prior to the expiration of the term for providing evidence. Under emergency circumstances, if the evidence may be destroyed or lost or difficult to obtain in the future, an interested party may apply to the court where the evidence is located, or where the respondent resides, or which has jurisdiction over the case for preservation of evidence, before filing a lawsuit or applying for arbitration, and the interested party shall file an application for pre-suit preservation of evidence.
2.5.2. 提交证据
2.5.2. Submitting Evidence
2.5.2.1. 期限
证据应在法院指定的举证期限内提交。如果在举证期限内提交证据材料确实存在困难，可以在举证期限内向法院提交延期举证申请书，申请延期举证。经法院准许后，可以适当延长。
2.5.2.1. Time Limit
Evidence shall be submitted to the court within the time period for providing evidence as prescribed by the court. In case any party concerned has real difficulty in providing evidence during the aforementioned time period, he shall file an application for extension of providing evidence. Upon approval of the court, the time limit for providing evidence may be extended.
2.5.2.2. 形式要求
i) 书证、物证应当提交原件，提供原件或原物确有困难的，可提交复制品、照片、副本、节录本。提交外文书证，必须附有中文译本。
ii）当事人申请证人出庭作证的，应当在举证期限届满十日前向法院提交证人出庭作证的申请，征得法院准许。证人因出庭作证的合理费用，先由申请一方当事人垫付，由败诉一方当事人承担。证人若因健康原因、路途遥远、自然灾害或其他正当理由不能出庭的情形，经人民法院许可，可通过书面证言、视听传输技术或视听资料等方式作证。
2.5.2.2. Form Requirements
i) The original of the documentary evidence/ the original object of the physical evidence shall be submitted. In case there is real difficulty in providing the original, a duplicated object, photo, duplicated copy, excerpt may be submitted. Documentary evidence in a foreign language must be submitted with Chinese translation.
ii）If one party intends to call witness, he shall file an application for permission to call witness at least 10 days before the time limit for providing evidence in order to seek approval of the court. Any reasonable cost occurred for such purpose shall be initially borne by the applicant, and will be borne by the losing party eventually. Where the witness cannot attend to the hearing due to health problem, long distance or force majeure or other reasonable causes, the court may allow taking the evidence in the form of written statement, or through video link.
2.6. 期间和送达
2.6. Time Limit and Service
2.6.1. 期间
i) 诉讼期间分法定期间和法院指定期间两种。法定期间直接由法律明确规定，一般情况下不得改变、不由当事人协商，比如：上诉期间、申请执行期间等。指定期间可以变更，法院可根据实际情况延长或缩短。比如，确定某日开庭等。
2.6.1. Time Limit
i) Time limit includes those prescribed by law and those designated by the court. Time limit prescribed by law cannot be amended in general and is not up to negotiation by litigants, such as time limit for appeal, time limit for application for enforcement, etc. Time limit designated by the court may be changed at the court’s discretion. And the court may as the case may be extend or shorten the period such as the time for hearing.
ii) 期间以时、日、月、年计算，期间开始的时和日，不计算在期间内。期间届满的最后一日是节假日的，以节假日后的第一日为期间届满的日期。期间不包括在途时间，诉讼文书期满前交邮的，不算过期。
ii）Time limit is calculated by hour, day, month and year. The hour and day from which a time limit begins shall not be counted as within the time limit. If the expiry date of a time limit falls on a holiday, then the next day following the holiday shall be regarded as the expiry date. A time limit shall not include traveling time, so a litigation document that is mailed before the deadline shall not be regarded as overdue.
iii）当事人因不可抗拒的事由或者其他正当理由耽误期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以提交顺延期限申请书，是否准许，由法院决定。
iii）If one party fails to meet the time limit due to force majeure or other reasonable causes, the party may file an application for extension of the time limit within 10 days after the obstacle disappears, and such application is subject to the approval of the court.
iv）一般来说，被告提交答辩状的期间是收到起诉状后15日内提交答辩状，但对在中国大陆无住所的被告答辩期间是30日。提起上诉的期间是收到判决书后15日或收到裁定书后10日，但对在中国大陆无住所的当事人而言，对判决和裁定的上诉期间均是30日。
iv）Generally speaking, the time limit for a defendant to file a statement of defense is 15 days after receiving the statement of claim, whereas for defendant with no domicile in mainland China, the time limit for filing a statement of defense is 30 days. The time limit for filing an appeal is 15 days after receiving the judgment or is 10 days after receiving order, whereas for litigants with no domicile in mainland China, the time limit for appeal against a judgment or an order is 30 days.
2.6.2. 送达
根据中国法规定，送达指由法院送达法律文书。按照《民事诉讼法》的规定，送达有直接送达、留置送达、电子送达、委托送达、邮寄送达、转交送达和公告送达。海事诉讼法律文书的送达，除适用《民事诉讼法》的规定外，还适用《海事诉讼特别程序法》规定的下列方式，向受送达人委托的诉讼代理人送达，向受送达人在中国大陆设立的代表机构、分支机构或者业务代办人送达，通过能够确认收悉的其他适当方式送达，有关扣押船舶的法律文书也可向当事船舶的船长送达。详细规定见《民事诉讼法》第7章及《海事诉讼特别程序法》第7章及其司法解释。对在中国大陆没有住所地的当事人的送达法律文书的，参见《民事诉讼法》第25章。
2.6.2. Service
According to China law, service refers to service of legal documents by the court. Prescribed by the CPL, service includes personal service, service by leaving the legal documents, electronic service, service by entrust, service by post, service by transfer and service by public announcement. As for service of legal documents in maritime actions, in addition to types of service prescribed by the CPL, service can also be conducted in the following ways: serve on the agent ad litem entrusted by the person, or the representative office or branched established in mainland China or the business agent by the person on whom the legal document is to be served, or in other appropriate ways whereby the service can be acknowledged. Legal documents concerning arrest of ship can be served to the captain. Please see detailed information in the Chapter 7 of the CPL and the Chapter 7 of the SMPL and their associated judicial explanation. For service of legal documents out of mainland China, please refer to the Chapter 25 of the CPL.
2.7. 保全和先予执行
2.7. Preservation and Advanced Enforcement
2.7.1. 诉前财产保全
一方因情况紧急，不立即申请保全将会使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，可以在提起诉讼或者申请仲裁前向被保全财产所在地、被申请人住所地或者对案件有管辖权的人民法院提交诉前财产保全申请书，申请采取保全措施。申请人应当提供担保，按指示交纳保全费，不提供担保和交纳保全费的，法院将驳回其申请。若申请人在诉前保全后三十日内不依法提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，人民法院将解除保全。申请人申请保全有错误的，应当赔偿被申请人因保全所遭受的损失。
2.7.1. Pre-suit Preservation
One party whose lawful rights and interests would, due to urgent situation, suffer irretrievable damage without immediate application for preservation measures, may, before initiating a lawsuit or applying for arbitration, may file an application for pre-suit preservation to the court in place where property to be preserved or the respondent’s domicile is located or to the court having jurisdiction over the case. The applicant shall provide security and pay application fee, otherwise the court will dismiss his application. If the applicant fails to bring a lawsuit or apply for arbitration within 30 days after the pre-suit preservation is conducted, the court will cancel the preservation. If the application for preservation is wrong, the applicant shall compensate the respondent any loss incurred from the preservation.
2.7.2. 先予执行
在下述情形下，一方可以向法院提交先予执行申请书，申请先予执行：追索赡养费、扶养费、抚育费、抚恤金、医疗费用的，追索劳动报酬的，或因情况紧急需要先予执行的。法院将考量当事人之间权利义务关系明确、不先予执行将严重影响申请人的生活或生产经营的、以及被申请人的履行能力，决定是否准许。法院可要求申请人提供担保，申请人不提供担保的，法院可驳回申请。
2.7.2. Advanced Enforcement
One party may file an application for advanced enforcement to the court in respect of the following circumstances: claims for alimony, support for children or elders, pension, or expenses for medical care, claims for salary, or other urgent circumstances requiring advanced enforcement. The court will take into account the following aspects to decide whether or not grant the permission: whether the rights and obligation between the parties concerned are clear, whether the denial of the application would seriously affect the life or production operation of the applicant, and whether the respondent is capable of fulfilling the obligation. The court may request the applicant to provide security, and may dismiss the application if the security is not provided.
2.7.3. 诉讼保全
诉讼中，一方因另一方的行为或者其他原因，认为存在判决难以执行或者造成其他损害的可能，可向法院提交诉讼保全申请书，请求法院裁定对另一方的财产进行保全、责令其作出一定行为或者禁止其作出一定行为。法院可以责令申请人提供担保，申请人不提供担保的，可裁定驳回申请。另外，申请人还需交纳保全费。
2.7.3 Litigation Preservation
If one party deems that there might be difficulty in enforcement or he may suffer other damage due to the other party’s behavior or other reasons, he may file an application for litigation preservation, request the court to rule to preserve other party’s properties, or order the other party to conduct or not to conduct certain acts. The court may request the applicant to provide security, and may dismiss the application if the security is not provided. The applicant shall also pay the application fee for preservation.
2.7.4. 船舶保全
船舶保全指对船舶限制转让、抵押、光船租赁等，但允许船舶继续营运。当事人在诉前、诉讼中的都可申请船舶保全。船舶保全仅适用于中国籍船舶。
2.7.4. Preservation of Ship
Preservation of ship refers to preventing transfer of ownership, mortgage and bareboat charter and so on but allowing the normal employment of the ship. One party may apply for preservation of ship prior to or after bringing a lawsuit. It only applies to Chinese ship.
2.7.5. 保全财产解除
在财产纠纷案件中，被申请人提供担保的，法院应裁定解除保全。
2.7.5. Removal of the Property Preservation
In commercial cases where property has been seized, the court shall remove the property preservation if the respondent provides proper security.
2.7.6. 担保方式
当事人可提供保证金、保证金数额由承办法官决定。也可提供依法设立的保险公司或机构出具的担保函，担保数额应相当于请求保全的数额。若提供担保函的，可从在本院登记入册的担保公司中选择（参见如下表格），也可登录本院官网查询实时更新的担保公司名册。
2.7.6. Types of Security
One party may provide deposit, and the amount shall be at the discretion of the judge handling the case. Alternatively he may provide a letter of undertaking issued by legally-established insurance companies or institutions，the amount of security shall be equivalent to the amount to be preserved. If one party chooses the latter option, he may choose from the list of guarantee companies registered in our court (please refer to the table below), or visit our official website to check the most updated list of registered guarantee companies.
担保公司和联系电话
Insurance Companies & Tel
宁波地区
Ningbo
中国平安财产保险股份有限公司宁波分公司
电话：18667809198
Ping An Property Insurance Company of China, Ltd. Ningbo Branch
Tel: 18667809198
浙商财产保险股份有限公司宁波中心支公司
电话：13605886663
Zheshang Property Insurance Co., Ltd. Ningbo Central Branch
Tel: 13605886663
宁波开圣担保有限公司
电话：13958220596/86283610
Ningbo Kaisheng Guarantee Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13958220596/86283610
宁波市宏泰担保有限公司
电话：13805866086
Ningbo Hongtai Guarantee Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13805866086
宁波顺傲非融资性担保有限公司
电话：15058438970
Ningbo Shun Ao Non-financing Guarantee Co., Ltd.
Tel: 15058438970
舟山地区
Zhoushan
舟山市定海区经济担保有限公司
电话：13957203598
Zhoushan Dinghai District Economic Guarantee Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13957203598
舟山市普陀区信用担保有限公司
电话：13656807775
Zhoushan Putuo District Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13656807775
温州地区
Wenzhou
浙江中安担保集团有限公司
电话：13780196363/15068270978
Zhejiang Zhong An guarantee Group Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13780196363/15068270978
台州地区
Taizhou
台州市和信担保投资有限公司
电话：13372371999
Taizhou Hexin Guarantee Investment Co., Ltd.
Tel: 13372371999
2.7.7. 复议
当事人对保全或先予执行的裁定有异议的，可向法院提交复议申请书，且只能复议一次。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。
2.7.7. Reconsideration
If one party has objection to the court’s order concerning preservation or advanced enforcement, he may file an application for reconsideration, which could be granted only once. Enforcement of the order will not be suspended during the period of reconsideration.
2.7.8. 保全、先予执行错误的后果
当事人应提保全或先予执行的申请应当谨慎。若因申请人原因，申请保全错误，应赔偿被申请人因保全所遭受的损失。若申请人败诉，应赔偿被申请人因先予执行遭受的财产损失。
2.7.8. Consequences of Wrongful Preservation and Advanced Enforcement
One party should be cautious to file application for preservation or advanced enforcement. If the preservation is wrong due to the applicant’s fault, he shall compensate the respondent any loss incurred from the preservation. If the applicant loses the case, he shall compensate the respondent any loss from the advanced enforcement.
2.7.9. 海事请求保全
关于海事请求保全的信息，请参见Part 3海事特别诉讼程序。
2.7.9. Preservation of Maritime Claims
For information regarding preservation of maritime claims, please refer to Part 3 The Special Maritime Procedure.
2.8. 诉讼费用
2.8. Litigation Cost
2.8.1. 种类和计算
诉讼费用包括案件受理费、申请费和其他费用三种。当事人可通过如下网址查询每个案件的诉讼费用http://www.zjsfgkw.cn/ReferenceCase/ssgj。
2.8.1 Categories and Calculation
Litigation costs include court cost, application fee and other fees. Any party may access to http://www.zjsfgkw.cn/ReferenceCase/ssgj to check litigation costs.
2.8.2. 诉讼费用交纳和承担
当事人应按规定及按法院指示交纳诉讼费用。比如：原告要在接到缴费通知书次日起7日内预交案件受理费。被告提出反诉，也应在提起反诉次日7日内预交案件受理费。当事人在预交期内未预交案件受理费或申请费，又不提出缓交申请的，法院将按撤诉处理。案件受理费、申请费等先由提起诉讼的一方或提起申请的一方垫付，但最终由法院决定、或者当事人双方商定各项费用由谁承担。
2.8.2. Payment and Assumption of Litigation Costs
Litigants shall pay litigation costs as per relevant law and court’s direction. For instance, the claimant shall prepay the court cost within 7 days after receiving the notice of payment. If the defendant files a counterclaim, he shall prepay the court cost within 7 days after raising the counterclaim. If litigants fails to prepay the court cost in the aforesaid period and to apply for deferred payment, the case will be dismissed according to voluntarily dismissal. The court cost, the application fee shall be initially paid by the one raise the claim or the application, and will be subject to the ultimate decision of the court or negotiation of the parties concerned.
2.8.3. 司法救助
当事人符合《诉讼费用交纳办法》第六章司法救助规定的情形的，可以向法院提交诉讼费用减缓免申请书和相应证明文件，申请司法救助。
2.8.3. Judicial Aid
If one party satisfies the condition prescribed by the Chapter 6 of the Judicial Aid section of the Measures on Payment of Litigation Costs, he may file an application for litigation costs to be paid later or partially, or to be exempted.
2.9. 一审审判程序
2.9. Trial Procedures of First Instance
2.9.1. 适用程序种类
法院会根据案件情况决定适用何种程序。一般采取普通程序、简易程序或小额诉讼程序进行审理。但对当事人没有争议的金钱或有价证券给付请求，可转为督促程序。适用普通程序审理的海事海商案件，应组成合议庭审理，合议庭由审判员、陪审员共同组成合议庭或者由审判员组成，合议庭的成员人数必须是单数。对事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单的海事海商案件，法院可决定使用简易程序审理。对另外的案件，在不违反《民事诉讼法》司法解释第257条规定的情况下，可根据当事人约定适用简易程序。适用简易程序审理的海事海商案件，由审判员一人独任审理。小额诉讼程序属于简易程序的范畴，是简易程序的进一步简化。对事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的且标的额为各省、自治区、直辖市上年度就业人员年平均工资百分之三十以下的金钱给付请求，可适用小额诉讼程序，由审判员一人独任审理，且实行一审终审。
2.9.1. Types of Procedures
The court will decide which procedure to apply according to the circumstances of each case. Normally ordinary procedure, summary procedure or small claim procedure will be applied. For case concerning monetary payment claim or marketable securities claim and the parties concerned have no dispute, it may be switched to hastening procedure. Cases applying ordinary procedure will be tried by a collegial panel composed of both judges and judicial assessors or of judges alone, and the collegial panel shall have odd number of members. For simple maritime and admiralty case in which the facts and the rights and obligations are clear and with trivial dispute, summary procedure may be applied. For other cases, without violating the prescription of the Article 257 of the judicial explanation of the CPL, summary procedure may also applied based on agreement of the party concerned. Cases applying summary procedure will be tried by a single judge alone. Small claim procedure is also a summary procedure, but a further simplified summary procedure. For monetary payment claim in which the facts and the rights and obligations are clear and with trivial dispute, and with a subject matter less than 30% of the last year’s annual average wage of the employed in Zhejiang Province, small claim procedure will be applied. Such case will be tried by a single judge alone and is subject to first instance being final system.
2.9.2. 普通程序的庭审流程
除涉及国家秘密、个人隐私或法律另有规定的以外，海事海商案件应公开审理。涉及商业秘密的，当事人提交不公开审理申请书，申请不公开审理的，可以不公开审理。
2.9.2. Proceedings of Trial for Cases Applying Ordinary Procedure
Maritime and admiralty cases shall be tried in public, except for those involving state secrets or personal privacy or otherwise provided by law. Cases involving trade secrets may not be heard in public if either party files an application for not hearing in public.
法院会在合议庭组成人员确定后的三日内告知当事人。当事人拟根据《民事诉讼法》第44条规定对合议庭组成人员、书记员、翻译人、鉴定人或勘验人提出回避申请的，可在案件开始时提出口头或书面回避申请及理由，最晚应在法庭辩论终结前提出。针对当事人的回避申请，法院会在三日内以口头或书面形式作出决定。被申请回避的人员在法院作出决定前，应暂停参与本案的工作，但案件需要采取紧急措施的除外。当事人若对法院的决定不服的，可申请复议一次，复议期间，被申请回避的人员不停止参与本案的工作。法院将于三日内对复议申请作出复议决定。
The court will notify the parties concerned within 3 days after the members of collegial panel are determined. If one party intends to challenge the members of collegial panel, the court clerk, the translator, the appraiser or the surveyor and apply for recusal according to the Article 44 of the CPL, he may submit such application for recusal and reasons at the beginning of the proceeding or at least before the closing of the argument in the court hearing. The court will respond orally or in writing within 3 days after the application for recusal is submitted. Before the court’s decision has been made, the person being challenged shall be suspended from the proceeding, save in exceptional circumstances that require the taking and emergency measures. The applicant may apply for reconsideration once if he is not satisfied with the court’s decision, the person being challenged shall not be suspended from the proceeding during the period of reconsideration. The court will respond to the reconsideration application within 3 days.
法院会在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他参加诉讼的人士。公开审理的案件，法院将会以公告形式发布当事人姓名、案由和开庭时间、地点。原被告双方都应按时到庭，并应携带证明身份的材料、所有诉讼材料原件。在传票送达后，当事人有正当理由的，可以向法院提交延期开庭申请书，请求延期开庭，是否准许由法院决定。原告无正当理由拒不到庭的，法院可按撤诉处理，被告无正当理由拒不到庭的，法院可缺席判决。
The court will notify every party the time and location of court session 3 days before the hearing. If a case is tried in public, the name of parties concerned, the cause of action and the time and location of the court session will be announced publicly. Both the claimant and the defendant shall attend the hearing on time and bring ID card and other valid credentials and original copies of all litigation materials. After the summons being served, if any party cannot make the time due to reasonable causes, he may file an application for postponement of the hearing, which is subject to the approval of the court. If the claimant doesn’t attend to the hearing without reasonable causes, the case may be deemed being voluntarily withdrawn. If the defendant doesn’t attend to the hearing, the court may make a default judgment.
在核实原、被告的身份后，书记员宣读法庭纪律，法官宣布正式开庭。法官在简要宣布原被告信息及案由后，会介绍审理案件的审判人员、书记员，并会询问当事人是否申请回避、确认当事人清楚诉讼权利和义务。随后，在法官指示下，进行法庭调查、法庭辩论、法庭调解，当事人可以陈述事实、质证、发表辩论意见，或提出调解方案等。如果一方觉得在开庭时未能充分发表意见，还可在庭审后提交书面结案陈词。一般来说，以书面结案陈词为准。
The court clerk will announce the court rules after checking each party’s ID, and the judge will announce the court hearing will begin. The judge will brief the information of the claimant and defendant and the cause of action. Then he will introduce the name of judge and clerk and ask the parties whether they intend to file an application for recusal. The judge will also check if each party is aware of their litigation rights and obligation. Next follows the court investigation, court debate and court mediation, as per the direction of the judge. In these phases, litigants are allowed to make statement, cross-examine evidences, express opinions, or offer mediation approach, etc. If litigant feels his opinions have not been presented sufficiently during the court hearing, he may submit his written closing submission after the hearing. As is usually the case, the written closing submission will precede the oral closing submissions.
有《民事诉讼法》第146条规定的下列情形的，可以延期开庭审理：必须到庭的当事人或其他诉讼参加人有正当理由没有到庭的，当事人临时提出回避申请的，需要通知新的证人到庭，调取新的证据，重新鉴定、勘验或者需要补充调查的等。
The hearing may be postponed under the following circumstances according to the Article 146 of the CPL: the parties and other participants must attend the hearing but doesn’t appear due to reasonable causes, or the litigant makes an application for recusal without advance notice, or it is necessary to summon new witness to the court, collect new evidence, make a new expert evaluation or inspection or a supplementary investigation, etc.
2.9.3. 简易程序的庭审流程
海事法院虽与地方中级法院同级，但根据《海事诉讼特别程序法》的规定，对事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单海商海事案件，也可适用简易程序审理。适用简易程序（包括小额诉讼程序）审理的案件, 开庭不受需提前3天通知当事人的限制，传唤当事人和证人、送达除裁判文书外的诉讼文书和审理案件都采用简便方式。庭审程序中法庭调查、法庭辩论的开展顺序也无需参照普通程序的规定。而其余庭审流程则参照普通程序进行。
2.9.3. Proceedings of Trial for Cases Applying Summary Procedure
Although the maritime court is at the same level as the local intermediate court, according to the SMPL, maritime court may apply summary procedure to trial simple maritime and admiralty cases in which the facts, rights and obligations between parties concerned are clear and the disputes is minor. For cases applying summary procedure（including small claim procedure）, the court hearing is not subject to a 3 days prior notice requirement. The court takes a simple and convenient way to summon the parties concerned and witness, to serve litigation documents excluding judgment documents and to trial the case. The court investigation and court debate proceedings in hearing are not subject to the requirements and order prescribed for normal procedure. The rest is consistent with that applied in ordinary procedure.
2.9.4. 程序转换
法院在审理过程中，发现案件不宜适用简易程序(包括小额诉讼程序)的，可裁定转为普通程序。当事人对适用简易程序审理提出异议，且该异议成立，也可裁定将案件转为普通程序审理。
2.9.4. Procedure Switch
If the court deems it is not suitable to trial the case by summary procedure（including small claim procedure）, it will order to switch to ordinary procedure. Where the litigant raises objection to the application of summary procedure and such objection is reasonable, the court may order to switch to ordinary procedure.
2.9.5. 中止诉讼和终结诉讼
有《民事诉讼法》第150条规定的下列情形的，法院将决定中止诉讼：
{C}a. {C}一方当事人死亡，需要等待继承人表明是否参加诉讼的；
{C}b. {C}一方当事人丧失诉讼行为能力，尚未确定法定代理人的；
{C}c. {C}作为一方当事人的法人或者其他组织终止，尚未确定权利义务承受人的；
{C}d. {C}一方当事人因不可抗拒的事由，不能参加诉讼的；
{C}e. {C}本案必须以另一案的审理结果为依据，而另一案尚未审结的等。待中止诉讼的原因消除后，恢复诉讼。
2.9.5. Suspension and Termination of Litigation
According to the Article 150 of the CPL, the legal proceedings will be suspended in any of the following circumstances:
{C}a. {C} One of the parties dies and it is necessary to wait for his heir or heiress to make clear whether to participate or not in the proceedings；
{C}b. {C} One of the parties has lost the capacity to engage in the litigation and his agent ad litem has not been designated yet；
{C}c. {C} The legal person or any other organization as one of the parties has dissolved, and the successor to its rights and obligations has not been determined yet；
{C}d. {C} One of the parties is unable to participate in the proceeding for reasons of force majeure；
{C}e. {C} The adjudication of the case is dependent on the result of the other pending case, etc. The proceeding shall resume after the causes for suspension have been eliminated.
有《民事诉讼法》第151条规定的情形的，法院将决定终结诉讼，包括：
a. 原告死亡，没有继承人，或者继承人放弃诉讼权利的，
b. 被告死亡，没有遗产，也没有应当承担义务的人的等。
According to the Article 150 of the CPL, the legal proceedings will be terminated in any of the following circumstances:
a. The claimant dies without a successor, or the successor waives the right to litigate;
b. The decedent defendant leaves no estate, nor anyone to succeed to his obligations, etc.
2.9.6. 审限
一般来说，适用简易程序的案件需自立案之日起3个月内审结。适用普通程序审理的案件，需自立案之日起6个月内审结。涉外案件，无审限限制。
2.9.6. Trial Time-limit
Generally speaking, cases tried by summary procedure shall be concluded within 3 months, and cases tried by ordinary procedure shall be concluded within 6 months. Cases under exceptional circumstances that require extension of trial period may be extended upon approval. There is no trial time-limit for foreign-related case.
2.10. 上诉
2.10. Appeal
2.10.1. 如何上诉
当事人不服本院的判决或裁定（除非法律有明确规定，一般仅对三类裁定可提起上诉：不予受理、管辖权异议、驳回起诉），可提起上诉。提起上诉的期间是收到判决书后15日或收到裁定书后10日，但对在中国大陆无住所的当事人而言，对判决和裁定的上诉期间均是30日。上诉人应向宁波海事法院或浙江省高级人民法院提交上诉文书。
2.10.1. How to Appeal
If one party is not satisfied with the judgment or order (except as otherwise prescribed by law, appeal can only be filed for 3 types of orders, e.g. order of refusal to entertain a case, order concerning objection to jurisdiction of the court, order of dismissal of a complaint)made by Ningbo Maritime Court, he may raise an appeal. The time limit for filing an appeal is 15 days after receiving the judgment or is 10 days after receiving order, whereas for litigants with no domicile in mainland China, the time limit for appeal against a judgment or an order is 30 days. The appellant shall submit the appeal documents to Ningbo Maritime Court or Zhejiang High People’s Court.
2.10.2. 需要提交的材料和遵循的要求
需要提交的材料包括：
a. 上诉申请书,并按照被申请人和原审其他当事人的人数提交副本(上诉人也应签署上述状副本)；
b. 上诉人、被上诉人的身份证明文件（参见Part 2.2.2 ii）；
c. 一审审判决书、裁定书；
d.上诉申请反映案件基本事实的主要证据及其他材料；
e.预交上诉费。
2.10.2. Documents Required and Requirements to be Followed
Documents required including:
a. Appeal application and its duplicates according to the number of the appellee or other parties of the original trial (the duplicates of the appeal shall also be signed by the appellant);
b. Documents which could prove the ID of the appellant and the appellee (please refer to Part 2.2.2 ii);
c. The judgment or the order of the first instance to be challenged;
d. Evidences or other materials which may support the appeal.
2.10.3. 上诉程序概要
一般来说，二审法院对上诉案件，将组成合议庭，开庭审理。但合议庭认为不需要开庭审理的，可不开庭审理。对判决的上诉案件，应自二审立案日起3个月内审结, 除非有特殊情况的，经批准可延长。对裁定的上诉案件，应自二审立案日起30天内审结。二审的判决、裁定、调解书应为终审决定。
2.10.3. Briefs of the Appeal Procedure
Generally speaking, the second-instance court will form a collegial panel to conduct a trial. However, if the collegial panel deems unnecessary, the case may be tried without a court trial. The appeal against a judgment shall be concluded within 3 months after the appeal is accepted by the second-instance court, save in exceptional circumstances that the period may be extended subject to approval. Whereas the appeal against an order shall be concluded within 30 days after the appeal is accepted and registered by the second-instance court. The decision of the second-instance court shall be final.
2.11. 再审
2.11. Retrial
2.11.1. 如何启动再审
i) 除了《民事诉讼法》第198规定的法院决定再审、以及《民事诉讼法》第208条规定的检察院抗诉的情形外，当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为有错误的，可以向上一级法院申请再审；当事人一方人数众多或者当事人双方为公民的案件，也可向原审法院申请再审。当事人对已经发生法律效力的调解书，提出证据证明调解违反自愿原则或调解协议的内容违反法律的，可申请再审。
2.11.1. How to Initiate a Retrial
i) Except for circumstances prescribed in the Article 198 of the CPL about retrial initiating by the court, and in the Article 208 of the CPL about protest against the court’s decisions raised by the procuratorate, if one party deems that there is error in a legally effective judgment or order, he may file a retrial application to the court at the next higher level. In cases either the claimant or the defendant involves a large number of parties or where both the claimant and the defendant are individuals, the retrial application may be submitted to the court originally tried the case. As for legally effective consent judgment, if one party may provide evidence to prove that the mediation violates the principle of voluntary or the mediation agreement violates the law, he may apply for retrial.
ii) 一般来说，当事人申请再审，应在判决、调解书、裁定发生法律效力后6个月内提出，例外4种情况详见《民事诉讼法》第205条。
ii) Application for retrial shall be filed within 6 months in general after the judgment, consent judgment, or order becomes legally effective, save 4 exceptional circumstances prescribed in the Article 205 of the CPL.
2.11.2. 再审程序概要
一般来说，法院在收到再审申请书之日起3个月内审查，裁定准许或不准许再审申请。有特殊情况需延长的，需经被申请的法院院长批准。关于适用程序，若发生法律效力的判决、调解书、裁定是由一审法院作出的，则再审按第一审程序审理，所作判决、裁定可上诉，若发生法律效力的判决、调解书、裁定是由二审法院作出的，则再审按第二审程序审理，所作判决、裁定是最终判决和裁定，不可上诉。若是上级人民法院提审的案件，按第二审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定是最终判决和裁定，不可上诉。再审案件，应组成合议庭进行审理，且原审合议庭成员不得参加。
2.11.2. Briefs of Retrial Procedure
In general, the court will examine the retrial application and rule to permit or dismiss the application within 3 months after receiving such application. Save in exceptional circumstances that require extension of such period may be extended upon approval. As for the trial procedure, if the legally effective judgment, consent judgment or order was made by first instance court, the case will be tried in accordance with the procedure of first instance. Whereas if the legally effective judgment, consent judgment, order was made by second instance court, the case will be tried in accordance with the procedure of second instance and the judgment and order to be made should be final and cannot be appealed. If the case was brought up for retrial by the court at a higher level, it will be tried in accordance with procedure of second instance and the new judgment or order shall be final and cannot be appealed. The court will form a new collegial panel for the purpose of retrial, in which the
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